Paradoxes Resulting from the Militarization of Education Aid

Grover, Sonja C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17900-6_2

Sonja C. Grover²

574 Accesses

Abstract

Save the Children declared in its 2006 report ‘Rewrite the future: Education for children in conflict-affected areas’ that it was “calling upon the international community and national governments to ensure that the 43 million children in conflict-affected countries get the quality education to which they are entitled”.¹ At present, not only are these children facing daunting barriers in accessing basic education, but they often drop out once enrolled; not in small part due to terror attacks on their schools, teachers and other school personnel and on the students themselves.² What has transpired since the aforementioned report was released is a dramatic increase in terror attacks on education in many conflict-affected countries, including Afghanistan, and the victimization of schoolchildren and school personnel as a result. Security for schools, schoolchildren, teachers, education officials and humanitarian education aid workers has been woefully inadequate in conflict-affected States such as Afghanistan, Iraq and certain other States dealing with organized terror groups. International and national NGOs lament in their reports the lack of security in places such as Afghanistan where there is a continuing high rate of terror attacks on education.

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Notes

1.
Save the Children (2006), p. 2.
2.
Human Rights Watch (2006), p. 101.
3.
United Nations (2006).
4.
Save the Children (2006), p. 19.
5.
Save the Children (2006), p. 2.
6.
O’Brien (2004), p. 35.
7.
O’Brien (2004), p. 35.
8.
Biswas (2007).
9.
O’Brien (2004), p. 35.
10.
Graditzky (1998), p. 2.
11.
Graditzky (1998), p. 7.
12.
Graditzky (1998), p. 7.
13.
International Committee of the Red Cross (2005).
14.
Save the Children (2006), p. 19.
15.
Interview with Save the Children child protection specialist Christine Knudsen: Children in Sudan still not safe. http://www.savethechildren.org/emergencies/africa/interview-with-child-protection-specialist.html. Accessed 25 May 2010.
16.
UNICEF (2009).
17.
United Nations Girl’s Education Initiative (UNGEI) (2010).
18.
Shaharazad et al. (2010).
19.
O’Malley (2010), p. 21.
20.
O’Malley (2010), p. 21.
21.
Shaharazad et al. (2010), Interview with Save the Children child protection specialist Christine Knudsen under section titled ‘Children of Afghanistan: In conflict and out of school’.
22.
Shaharazad et al. (2010), Interview with Save the Children child protection specialist Christine Knudsen under section titled ‘Children of Afghanistan: In conflict and out of school’.
23.
O’Malley (2010), p. 145.
24.
Filkins (2009).
25.
O’Malley (2010), p. 29.
26.
Giustozzi (2010), p. 18, citing Samadi (2009).
27.
Giustozzi (2010), p. 18, citing Samadi (2009).
28.
Giustozzi (2010), p. 18, citing Samadi (2009).
29.
Human Rights Watch (2006), p. 19.
30.
Giustozzi (2010), p. 18, citing Samadi (2009).
31.
Giustozzi (2010), p. 18, citing Samadi (2009).
32.
O’Malley (2010), p. 10.
33.
Giustozzi (2010), p. 18, citing Samadi (2009).
34.
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Adopted (entry into force 2 September 1990). http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm. Accessed 18 May 2010.
35.
Giustozzi (2010), p. 18, citing Samadi (2009).
36.
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Adopted (entry into force 2 September 1990). http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm. Accessed 18 May 2010 (Article 14).
37.
Steele (2010).
38.
Giustozzi (2010), pp. 18–19, citing Samadi (2009).
39.
O’Malley (2010), p. 39.
40.
O’Malley (2010), p. 39.
41.
De Torrente (2004), p. 20.
42.
De Torrente (2004), p. 5.
43.
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Adopted (entry into force 2 September 1990). http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm. Accessed 18 May 2010 (Article 38).
44.
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Adopted (entry into force 2 September 1990). http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm. Accessed 18 May 2010 (Article 38).
45.
O’Malley (2010), p. 150.
46.
O’Malley (2010), p. 153.
47.
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Adopted (entry into force 2 September 1990). http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm. Accessed 18 May 2010.
48.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights entry into force 23 March 1976. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm. Accessed 16 Oct 2010.
49.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, entry into force 3 January 1976. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm. Accessed 16 Oct 2010.
50.
De Torrente (2004), p. 6.
51.
Azarbaijani-Moghaddam et al. (2008), p. 20.
52.
Azarbaijani-Moghaddam et al. (2008), p. 51.
53.
Steele (2010).
54.
Canada’s Coalition to End Global Poverty (2009), p. 3.
55.
Azarbaijani-Moghaddam et al. (2008), p. 41.
56.
Canada’s Coalition to End Global Poverty (2009), p. 3.
57.
Azarbaijani-Moghaddam et al. (2008), p. 36.
58.
Azarbaijani-Moghaddam et al. (2008), p. 42.
59.
Etzioni (2010), p. 101.
60.
Care International UK (Media release) (2008).
61.
Webley (2010).
62.
Overseas Development Institute (2009), p. 144.
63.
O’Malley (2010), pp. 43–49.
64.
Azarbaijani-Moghaddam et al. (2008), p. 49.
65.
Etzioni (2010), p. 107.
66.
Etzioni (2010), p. 107.
67.
O’Malley (2010), p. 19.
68.
O’Malley (2010), p. 19.
69.
Human Rights Watch (2006), p. 29.
70.
Johnson (2010), pp. 191–192.
71.
Human Rights Watch (2006), pp. 25–26.
72.
Azarbaijani-Moghaddam et al. (2008), p. 48.
73.
Azarbaijani-Moghaddam et al. (2008), p. 51.
74.
Coursen-Neff, Z. and Sheppard, B. (2011).

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Faculty of Education, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
Dr. Sonja C. Grover

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Grover, S.C. (2011). Paradoxes Resulting from the Militarization of Education Aid. In: Schoolchildren as Propaganda Tools in the War on Terror. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17900-6_2

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17900-6_2
Published: 14 February 2011
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-17899-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-17900-6
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