Zusammenfassung
Das Kapitel Fehlbildungen und Lebererkrankungen fasst die häufigsten Fehlbildungen der Leber zusammen und beschreibt die wichtigsten Hepatopathien im Kindesalter mit Hauptaugenmerk auf Cholestasen, Autoimmunerkrankungen der Leber, Virushepatitiden sowie die nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung. Letztere gewinnt immer mehr an Bedeutung und stellt die häufigste chronische Lebererkrankung im Kindesalter dar. Darüber hinaus wird anhand von Tabellen ein Bezug des histopathologischen Bildes zu klinischen Parametern und differentialdiagnostischen Möglichkeiten hergestellt.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Aghamohammadi A, Imai K, Mozzami K, Abolhassani H, Tabatabaeiyan M, Parvaneh N, Nasiri Kalmarzi R, Nakagawa N, Oshima K, Ohara O, Nonoyama S, Rezaei N (2010) Ataxia-teleangiectasia in a patient presenting with hyper-immunglobulin M syndrome. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 20:442–445
Africa JA, Behling CA, Brunt EM, Zhang N, Luo Y, Wells A, Hou J, Belt PH, Kohil R, Lavine JE, Molleston JP, Newton KP, Whitington PF, Schwimmer JB (2018) In children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, zone 1 steatosis is associated with advanced fibrosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:438–446
Aly FZ, Kleiner D (2011) Update on fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Adv Anat Pathol 18:294–300
Aydemir Y, Akcoren Z, Demir H, Saltik Temizel IN, Ozen H, Yuce A (2019) Clinical and histopathological features of immunoglobulin G4-associated autoimmune hepatitis in children. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 34:742–746
Balistreri WF, Bove KE, Ryckman FC (2001) Biliary atresia and other disorders of the extrahepatic bile ducts. In: Suchy FJ, Sokol R, Balistreri WF (Hrsg) Liver disease in children. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, S 253–274
Barshop NJ, Francis CS, Schwimmer JB, Avin JE (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a comorbidity of childhood obesity. Ped Health 3:271–281
Baumann U (2012) Immundefekte. In: Rodeck B, Zimmer KP (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Gatroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Heidelberg, S 504–506
Beuers U, Gerschwin ME, Gish RG, Invernizzi P, Jones DE, Lindor K, Ma X, Mackay IR, Parés A, Tanaka A, Vierling JM, Poupon R (2015) Changing nomenclature for PBC: From “cirrhosis” to “cholangitis”. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 39:e57–e59
Burdelski M, Lang T, von Schweinitz D (2012) Systemerkrankungen. In: Rodeck B, Zimmer KP (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Gatroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Heidelberg, S 531–544
Bush H, Golabi P, Younossi ZM (2017) Pediatric non-alcholic fatty liver disease. Children 4:48
Caroli J (1973) Diseases of intrahepatic biliary tree. Clin Gastroenterol 2:147–161
Capalbo D, Improda N, Esposito A, De Martino L, Barbieri F, Betterle C, Pignata C, Salerno M (2013) Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candiasis-ectodermal dystrophy from the pediatric perspective. J Endocrinol Invest 36:903–912
Chaib E, Bertevello P, Saad WA, Pinotti HW, Gama-Rodrigues J (2007) The main hepatic anatomic variations for the purpose of split-liver transplantation. Hepatogastroenterology 54:688–692
Chan ES, Auyang ED, Hungness ES (2009) Laparoscopic management of a cystic duct cyst. JSLS 13:436–440
Comberg M, Protzer U, Petersen J, Wedemeyer H, Berg T, Jilg W, Erhardt A, Wirth S, Sarrazin C, Dollinger MM, Schirmacher P, Dathe K, Kopp IB, Zeuzem S, Gerlich WH, Manns MP (2011) Prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: the German guideline for the management of HBV infection. Z Gastroenterol 49:871–930
Conjeevaram Selvakumar PK, Kabbany MN, Alkhouri N (2018) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children: not a small matter. Paediatr Drugs 20:315–329
Crawford JM (2002) Development of the intrahepatic biliary tree. Semin Liver Dis 22:213–226
Crespo M, Lappe S, Feldstein AE, Alkhouri N (2016) Similarities and differences between pediatric and adult nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 65:1161–1171
Czaja AJ (1998) Frequency and significance of phenotypes for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 43:1725–1731
Della Corte C, Sartorelli MR, Comparcola D, Alterio A, Giorgio V, Papadatou B, Nobili V (2012) Autoimmune liver diseases. Minerva Pediatr 64:595–606
Denk H (2012) Histologische Diagnostik der Leber. In: Rodeck B, Zimmer KP (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Gatroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Heidelberg, S 85–98
Denzer C, Thiere D, Muche R, Koenig W, Mayer H, Kratzer W, Wabitsch M (2009) Gender-specific prevalences of fatty liver in obese children and adolescents: roles of body fat distribution, sex steroids, and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:3872–3881
Denzer C (2013) Non-alchoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 56:517–527
Desai M, Neuberger J (2009) Chronic liver allograft dysfunction. Transplant Proc 41:773–776
Desmet VJ (1992) Congenital diseases of intrahepatic bile ducts: variations on the terme “ductal plate malformation”. Hepatology 16:1069–1083
Dettmer M, Cathomas G, Willi N (2011) Alpha-1-antitrypsin retention in an ectopic liver. Diagn Pathol 6:16
Devadason CA, Scheimann AO (2012) Overview of screening methods for fatty liver disease in children. World J Hepatol 27:1–4
De Vree JM, Jacquemin E, Sturm E (1998) Mutations in the MDR3 gene cause progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:282–287
Deutsch J (2012) Embryologie und Physiologie der Leber. In: Rodeck B, Zimmer KP (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Gatroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Heidelberg, S 376–378
Dickens JA, Lomas D (2011) Why has it been so difficult to prove the efficacy of alpha-1-antitrypsin replacement therapy? Insights from the study of disease pathogenesis. Drug Des Devel Ther 5:391–405
Donovan MJ, Kozakewich H, Perez-Atayde A (1995) Solitary nonparasitic cysts of the liver: the Boston Children’s Hospital experience. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med 15:419–428
Emerick KM, Elias MS, Melin-Aldana H, Strautnieks S, Thompson RJ, Bull LN, Knisely AJ, Whitington PF, Green RM (2008) Bile composition in Alagille syndrome and PFIC patients having partial external biliary diversion. BMC Gastroenterol 8:47
Giorgio V, Prono F, Graziano F, Nobili V (2013) Pediatric non alcoholic fatty liver disease: old and new concepts on development, progression, metabolic insight and potential treatment targets. BMC Pediatr 13:40
Hadžić N, Quaglia A, Cotoi C, Hussain MJ, Brown N, Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G (2012) Immunhistochemical phenotyping of the inflammatory infiltrate in de novo autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation children. Pediatr Transplant 16:501–510
Hall SM (1986) Reye’s syndrome and aspirin: a review. J R Soc Med 79:596–598
Hubscher SG (2004) Role of liver biopsy in the assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:1107–1115
Ishak KG, Sharp HL (2002) Developmental abnormalities and liver disease in childhood. In: MacSween RNM, Alastair DB, Portmann C, Ishak KG, Scheuer PJ, Anthony PP (Hrsg) Pathology of the liver. Churchill Livingstone, London, S 107–154
Jablonska B (2012) Biliary cysts: etiology, diagnosis and treatment. World J Gastroenterol 18:4801–4810
Kelishadi R, Poursafa P (2011) Obesity and air pollution: global risk factors for pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepat Mon 11:794–802
Kerkar N, Hadzic N, Davies ET, Portmann B, Donaldson PT, Rela M, Heaton ND, Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G (1998) De-novo autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation. Lancet 351:409–413
Kleiner DE, Makhlouf HR (2016) Histology of NAFLD and NASH in adults and children. Clin Liver Dis 20:293–312
Kluger N, Jokinen M, Krohn K, Ranki A (2013) Gastrointestinal in APECED syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 47:112–120
Krawinkel MB (2012) Parenterale Ernährung. In: Rodeck B, Zimmer KP (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Gatroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Heidelberg, S 671–682
Kroeger H, Miranda E, MacLeod I, Pérez J, Crowther DC, Marciniak SJ, Lomas DA (2009) Endoplasmatic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and autophagy cooperate to degrade polymerogenic mutant serpins. J Biol Chem 284:22793–22802
Lang T, Rodeck B (2012) Leitsymptome und Differenzialdiagnostik. In: Rodeck B, Zimmer KP (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Gatroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Heidelberg, S 405–422
Lang T (2012) Zystische Leber- und Nierenerkrankungen. In: Rodeck B, Zimmer KP (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Heidelberg, S 536–539
Le A, Ferrell GA, Dishon DS, Le QQ, Sifer RN (1992) Soluble aggregates of the human PiZ α1-antitrypsin variant are degraded within the endoplasmatic reticulum by a mechanism sensitive to inhibitors of protein synthesis. J Biol Chem 267:1072–1080
Le Campion A, Larouche A, Fauteux-Daniel S, Soudeyns H (2012) Pathogenesis of hepatitis C during pregnancy and childhood. Viruses 4:3531–3550
Lee WI, Huang JL, Yeh KW, Yang MJ, Lai MC, Chen LC, Ou LS, Yao TC, Lin SJ, Jaing TH, Chen SH, Hsieh MY, Yu HH, Chien YH, Shyur SD (2013) Clinical features and genetic analysis of Taiwanese patients with hyper IgM syndrome phenotype. Pediatr Infect Dis 32:1010–1016
Lee A, Rajanayagam J, Abdel-Hady M (2015) Chronic hepatitis C infection in children: current treatment and new therapies. J Clin Transl Hepatol 3:36–41
Liberal R, Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G (2015) Update on autoimmune hepatitis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 3:42–52
Loomba R, Sirlin CB, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE (2009) Advances in pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 50:1282–1293
Lotowska JM, Sobaniec-Lotowska ME, Lebensztejn DM (2013) The role of Kupffer cells in the morphogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis – ultrastructural findings. The first report in pediatric patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 48:352–357
Lotowska JM, Sobaniec-Lotowska ME, Bockowska SB, Lebensztejn DM (2014) Pediatric non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: the first report on the ultrastructure of hepatocyte mitochondria. World J Gastroenterol 20:4335–4340
Maggiore G, Bernard O, Homberg JC, Hadchouel M, Alvarez F, Hadchouel P, Odièvre M, Alagille D (1986) Liver disease associated with antiliver/kidney microsome antibody in children. J Pediatr 108:399–404
Maheshwari P (2012) Cystic malformation of cystic duct: 10 cases and review of literature. World J Radiol 4:413–417
Manti S, Romano C, Chirico V, Filipelli M, Cuppari C, Loddo I, Salpietro C, Arrigo T (2014) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in childhood: endocrine-metabolic “mal programming”. Hepat Mon 14:e17641
Melter M (2012) Idiopathische neonatale Hepatitis. In: Rodeck B, Zimmer KP (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Gatroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Heidelberg, S 424–426
Mieli-Vergani G, Heller S, Jara P, Vergani D, Chang MH, Fujisawa T, González-Peralta RP, Kelly D, Mohan N, Shah U, Murray KF (2009) Autoimmune hepatitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 49:158–164
Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D (2011) Autoimmune liver disease in children – what is different from adulthood? Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 25:783–795
Miloh T, Anand R, Yin W, Vos M, Kerkar N, Alonso E (2011) Studies of pediatric liver transplantation research group. Pediatric liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver Transpl 17:925–933
Nakanuma Y, Harada K, Sato Y, Ikeda H (2010) Recent progress in the etiopathogenesis of pediatric biliary disease, particularly Caroli’s disease with congenital hepatic fibrosis and biliary atresia. Histol Histopathol 25:223–235
Newton KP, Hou J, Crimmins NA, Lavine JE, Barlow SE, Xanthakos SA, Africa J, Behling C, Donithan M, Clark JM, Schwimmer JB (2017) Prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. JAMA Pediatr 170:e161971
Pan X, Kelly S, Melin-Aldana H, Malladi P, Whitington PF (2010) Novel mechanism of fetal hepatocyte injury in congenital alloimmune hepatitis involves the terminal complement cascade. Hepatology 51:2061–2068
Pawlowska M, Domagalski K, Pniewska A, Smok B, Halota W, Tretyn A (2015) What’s new in hepatitis C virus infections in children? World J Gastroenterol 21:10783–10789
Pawlowska M, Sobolewska-Pilarczyk M, Domagalski K (2018) Hepatitis C virus infection in children in the era of direct-acting antiviral. World J Gastroenterol 24:2555–2566
Perito ER, Vase T, Ramachandran R, Phelps A, Jen KYJ, Lustig RH, Feldstein VA, Rosenthal P (2017) Hepatic steatosis after pediatric liver transplant. Liver Transpl 23:957–967
Postema RR, Hazebroek FW (1999) Choledochus cysts in children: a review of 28 years treatment in a Dutch children’s hospital. Eur J Surg 165:1159–1161
Pongpaibul A, Venick RS, McDiarmid SV, Lassman CR (2012) Histopathology of de novo autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Transpl 18:811–818
Qu D, Teckman JH, Omura S, Perlmutter DH (1996) Degradation of a mutant secretory protein, α1-antitrypsin Z, in the endoplasmatic reticulum requires proteasome activity. J Biol Chem 271:22791–22795
Reye RDK, Morgan G, Baral L (1963) Encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera. A disease entity in childhood. Lancet 2:749–752
Ricard N, Bidart M, Mallet C, Lesca G, Giraud S, Prudent R, Feige JJ, Bailly S (2010) Functional analysis of the BMP9 response of ALK1 mutations from HHT2 patients: a diagnostic tool for novel ACVRL1 mutations. Blood 116:1604–1612
Roberts EA (2007) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in children. Clin Liver Dis 11:155–172
Roberts EA (2011) Autoimmune hepatitis from the paediatric perspective. Liver Int 31:1424–1431
Rodeck B, Santer R, Muschol N, Burdelski M, Melter M, Ganschow R, Baumann U (2012) Stoffwechselerkrankungen. In: Rodeck B, Zimmer KP (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Gatroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Heidelberg, S 443–488
Rojas CP, Bodicharla R, Campuzano-Zuluga G, Hernandez L, Rodriguez MM (2014) Autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis in children and adolescaents. Fetal Pediatr Pediatr Pathol 33:202–209
Ruchelli ED (2004) Developmental anatomy and congenital anomalies of the liver, gallblader, and the extrahepatic biliary tree. In: Russo P, Ruchelli ED, Piccoli DA (Hrsg) Pathology of pediatric gastrointestinal and liver disease. Springer, New York, S 191–202
Ruhanen H, Perttilä J, Hötttä-Vuori M, Zhou Y, Yki-Järvinen H, Ikonen E, Käkelä R, Olkkonen VM (2014) PNPLA3 mediates hepatocyte triacylglycerol remodelling. J Lipid Res 55:739–746
Russo P (2007) Liver including tumors, gallbladder, and biliary tree. In: Gilbert-Barness E (Hrsg) Potter’s pathology of the fetus, infant and child. Elsevier, Amsterdam, S 1207–1277
Russo P, Rand EB, Haber BA (2004) Diseases of the bilary tree in infancy and childhood. In: Russo P, Ruchelli E, Piccoli DA (Hrsg) Pathology of pediatric gastrointestinal and liver disease. Springer, New York, S 203–236
Santos JL, Choquette M, Bezerra JA (2010) Cholestatic liver disease in children. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 12:30–39
Sarrazin C, Berg T, Ross RS, Schirmacher P, Wiedemeyer H, Neumann U, Schmidt HHJ, Spengler U, Wirth S, Kessler HH, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Ferenci P, Vogel W, Moradpour D, Heim M, Cornberg M, Protzer U, Manns MP, Fleig WE, Dollinger MM, Zeuzem S (2010) Prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: the German guidelines on the management of HCV infection. Z Gastroenterol 48:289–351
Saxena R, Zucker SD, Crawford JM (2003) Anatomy and physiology of the liver. In: Zakim D, Boyer TD (Hrsg) Hepatology. Saunders, Philadelphia, S 3–30
Schabel C, Schweinzer D, Ketelsen D, Brechtel K, Horger M (2012) Hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasy. Rofo 184:83–86
Schwimmer JB, Behling C, Newbury R, Deutsch R, Nievergelt C, Schork NJ, Lavine JE (2005) Histopathology of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 42:641–649
Schwimmer JB (2007) Definitive diagnosis and assessment of risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in fatty children and adolescents. Semin Liver Dis 27:312–318
Serena Serradel AF, Linares ES, Goepfert RH (1991) Cystic dilatation of the cystic duct: a new type of biliary cyst. Surgery 109:320–322
Shneider BL (2012) Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in pediatric primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver Transpl 18:277–281
Shorbagi A, Bayraktar Y (2010) Experience of a single center with congenital hepatic fibrosis: a review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol 16:683–690
Roeb E, Steffen HM, Bantel H, Baumann U, Canbay A, Demir M, Drebber U, Geier A, Hampe J, Hellerbrand C, Pathil-Warth A, Schattenberg JM, Schramm C, Seitz HK, Stefan N, Tacke F, Tannapfel A, Lynen Jansen P, Boojunga J (2015) S2k Guideline non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Z Gastroenterol 53:668–723 (S2K-Leitlinie NAFLD-AWMF-Register Nr. 021–025)
Sookian S, Pirola CJ (2017) Genetic predisposition in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 23:1–12
Spagnoli FM, Amicone L, Tripodi M, Weiss MC (1998) Identification of a bipotential precursor cell in hepatic cell lines derived from transgenic mice expressing cyto-Met in the liver. J Cell Biol 143:101–112
Srivastava A (2014) Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 4:25–36
Strautnieks SS, Bull LN, Knisely AS, Kocoshis SA, Dahl N, Arnell H, Sokal E, Dahan K, Childs S, Ling V, Tanner MS, Kagalwalla AF, Németh A, Pawlowska J, Baker A, Mieli-Vergani G, Freimer NB, Gardiner RM, Thompson RJ (1998) A gene encoding a liver-specific ABC transporter is mutated in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Nat Genet 20:233–238
Sturm E (2012) Familiäre intrahepatische Cholestase. In: Rodeck B, Zimmer KP (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Gatroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Heidelberg, S 430–436
Tannapfel A (2008) Leberembryologie, Lebermakroskopie und -mikroskopie. In: Riemann JF, Fischbach W, Galle PR, Moessner J (Hrsg) Gastroenterologie. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 1167–1175
Takahashi Y, Fukusato T (2010) Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: overview with emphasis on histology. World J Gastroenterol 14:5280–5285
Todani T, Watana Y, Narusue M, Tabuchi K, Okajima K (1977) Congenital bile duct cysts: classification, operative procedures and review of thirty-seven cases including cancer arising from choledochal cyst. Am J Surg 137:263–269
Todani T, Urushihara N, Morotomi Y, Watanabe Y, Uemura S, Noda T, Sasaki K, Yoshikawa M (1995) Characteristics of choledochal cysts in neonatal and early infants. Eur J Pediatr Surg 5:143–145
Torbenson M, Hart J, Westerhoff M, Azzam RK, Elgendi A, Mziray-Andrew HC, Kim GE, Scheimann A (2010) Neonatal giant cell hepatitis: histological and etiological findings. Am J Surg Pathol 34:1498–1503
Torres VE, Harris PC (2006) Mechanisms of disease: autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney diseases. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2:40–55
Turkbey B, Ocak I, Daryanani K, Font-Montgomery E, Lukose L, Bryant J, Tuchman M, Mohan P, Heller T, Gahl WA, Choyke PL, Gunay-Aygun M (2009) Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis (ARPKD/CHF). Pediatr Radiol 39:100–111
Vaccha B, Sun MRM, Siewert M, Eisenberg R (2011) Cystic lesions of the liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol 196:355–366
Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G (2008) Autoimmune hepatitis and PSC connection. Clin Liver Dis 12:187–202
Vitozzi S, Djilali-Saiah I, Lapierre P, Alvarez F (2002) Anti-soluble liver antigen/liver-pancreas (SLA/LP) antibodies in pediatric patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmunity 35:485–492
Wen J (2011) Congenital hepatic fibrosis in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Clin Transl Sci 4:460–465
Whitington PF, Kelly RN (2008) Outcome of pregnancies at risk for neonatal hemochromatosis is improved by treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Pediatrics 121:1615–1621
Winther TN, Bang-Berthelsen CH, Heiberg IL, Pociot F, Hogh B (2013) Differential plasma microRNA profiles in HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative children with chronic hepatitis B. PLoS ONE 8:e58236
Wirth S, Kelly D, Sokal E, Socha P, Mieli-Vergani G, Dhawan A, Lacaille F, Saint Raymond A, Olivier S, Taminiau J (2011) Guidance for clinical trials for children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis C. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 52:233–237
Wirth S (2012) Virushepatitiden. In: Rodeck B, Zimmer KP (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Gatroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Heidelberg, S 490–496
Wirth S (2012) Autoimmunbedingte Lebererkrankungen. In: Rodeck B, Zimmer KP (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Heidelberg, S 496–499
Wydler L, Schlumpf R (2002) Gallengangszysten, Caroli-Krankheit. In: Harder F, Siewert JR, Rothmund M (Hrsg) Praxis der Viszeralchirurgie: Gastroenterologische Chirurgie. Springer, Heidelberg, S 690–694
Xu J, Chen DP, Mao ZG, Huang HF, Xu CM, Wang CR, Jia WP, Mei CL (2013) Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with ectopic unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. BMC Nephrol 14:38
Yang CHT, Goel A, Ahmed A (2018) Clinical utility of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in the treatment of adolescents and children with hepatitis C. Adolesc Health Med Ther 9:103–110
Yazigi NA (2013) Long term outcomes after pedriatic liver transplantation. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 16:207–218
Yonem O, Bayraktar Y (2007) Clinical characteristics of Caroli’s syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 13:1934–1937
Zeuzem S (2017) Treatment options in hepatitis C – the current state of the art. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 117:11–21
Zollner G (2011) Angeborene Cholestasen. J Gastroenterol Hepatol Erkrank 9:30–33
Zong Y, Stanger BZ (2011) Molecular mechanism of bile duct development. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 43:257–264
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tischoff, I. (2020). Fehlbildungen und Lebererkrankungen im Kindesalter. In: Tannapfel, A., Klöppel, G. (eds) Pathologie. Pathologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04557-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04557-8_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-04556-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-04557-8
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)