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Maternal/Child Health, Religion, and Spirituality

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Why Religion and Spirituality Matter for Public Health

Part of the book series: Religion, Spirituality and Health: A Social Scientific Approach ((RELSPHE,volume 2))

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Abstract

This chapter reviews theories and empirical evidence on religion and spirituality (R/S) as factors relevant to maternal and child health, the field of concentration of about 3% of public health students nationwide.

Initial evidence from small numbers of studies suggests favorable associations between R/S factors and birthweight outcomes, better health behaviors among pregnant women, less maternal anxiety and depression, and greater likelihood of breastfeeding, but mixed associations with under-5 year child mortality. Some studies have reported favorable R/S associations with rates of immunization, but many denominational differences exist, and about 10 US child deaths per year have been attributed to medical care withheld by parents on religious grounds.

Dozens of studies link R/S to reduced adolescent health risk behaviors such as the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other drugs. Evidence shows favorable R/S associations with youth exercise, seat belt use, diet, and sexual restraint. Dozens of studies also document favorable R/S associations with adolescent well-being, self-esteem, reduced delinquency, and reduced depression, but not less anxiety. R/S factors play an important role in family coping with child special needs (e.g., developmental disabilities or chronic illness).

This chapter is one of thirteen reviews in this volume providing a public health perspective on the empirical evidence relating R/S to physical and mental health.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Prenatal auditory experience has been shown to influence postnatal auditory preferences in animal species ranging from chickens and guinea pigs to sheep. Similarly, human newborns demonstrate statistically significant preferences for hearing their mothers recite stories that have been recited prenatally, in comparison to other stories (DeCasper and Spence 1986). Oman and Thoresen (2006) note that “religiously or spiritually devout mothers in many cultures participate in frequent singing of spiritual songs or chanting of a holy or divine name… Repeated exposure to such stimuli could condition the developing fetal nervous system positively toward the specific holy names or songs, thereby indirectly predisposing the child toward the associated spiritual ways of life” (p. 408). Child health effects from such practices may also occur through other potential causative pathways, such as reduced maternal fear (e.g., Hunter et al. 2011).

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    Doug Oman

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Oman, D. (2018). Maternal/Child Health, Religion, and Spirituality. In: Oman, D. (eds) Why Religion and Spirituality Matter for Public Health. Religion, Spirituality and Health: A Social Scientific Approach, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73966-3_10

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