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Functions of Inositol Polyphosphate and Inorganic Polyphosphate in Yeast and Amoeba

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Inorganic Polyphosphates in Eukaryotic Cells

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Abstract

Phosphate, as a chemical group, forms a variety of bonds with important structural, informational and energetic roles. Therefore, the control of cellular phosphate homoeostasis is essential to cellular well-being. Key to this regulation of phosphate level is inorganic polyphosphate, a linear polymer of phosphate groups linked by phosphoanhydride bonds. While for many years bacterial research has dominated the inorganic polyphosphate field, interest in eukaryotic work is growing due to the discovery of this polymer’s involvement in human diseases. Simple genetically tractable eukaryotes such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum have become excellent experimental models to study inorganic polyphosphate metabolism and physiological roles. The enzymes responsible for inorganic polyphosphate synthesis have been identified in both budding yeast and amoeba. In addition, research in yeast has revealed a strong metabolic connection between inorganic polyphosphate and inositol pyrophosphates, signalling molecules that belong to the vast and well-recognised inositol phosphates family. Interestingly, also inositol pyrophosphate metabolism and physiology has been primarily elucidated in the yeast and amoeba model organisms. The aim of the current essay is to highlight the metabolic and functional connections between these highly phosphorylated classes of molecules, focusing our attention on what the yeast and the amoeba have taught us about the functions and metabolism of inorganic polyphosphate and inositol pyrophosphates.

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Abbreviations

IP3 :

Inositol trisphosphate I(1,4,5)P3

PP-IPs:

Inositol pyrophosphates

polyP:

Inorganic polyphosphate

PTM:

Post-translational modification

PLC1:

Phospholipase

IPMK:

Inositol polyphosphate multikinase

PPK1:

Inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase

IP6K:

Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase

PPIP5K:

Diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase

PPK:

Polyphosphate kinase

IP6 :

Inositol hexakisphosphate or phytic acid

VTC:

Vacuolar transporter chaperone

WT:

Wild type

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Drs. T. Livermore and M. Wilson for promptly reading the manuscript and the members of the laboratory for their constructive inputs.

Funding

This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC) core support to the MRC/UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology University Unit (MC_UU_1201814).

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  1. Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology (MRC-LMCB), University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK

    Adolfo Saiardi

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Correspondence to Adolfo Saiardi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Regulation of Biochemical Processes, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia

    Tatiana Kulakovskaya

  2. NYU College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA

    Evgeny Pavlov

  3. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA

    Elena N. Dedkova

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Saiardi, A. (2016). Functions of Inositol Polyphosphate and Inorganic Polyphosphate in Yeast and Amoeba. In: Kulakovskaya, T., Pavlov, E., Dedkova, E. (eds) Inorganic Polyphosphates in Eukaryotic Cells. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41073-9_5

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