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The Biology and Pathogenesis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Part of the book series: Hematologic Malignancies ((HEMATOLOGIC))

Abstract

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of the haemopoietic stem cell. Understanding the molecular biology of CML began with the discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome. This genomic abnormality is the result of a t(9;22) translocation, which gives origin to a BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. The research focus thereafter shifted to characterising the functional consequence of BCR-ABL1. It was demonstrated that this fusion protein is capable of hijacking a vast repertoire of cellular functions to drive myeloid hyperplasia, which is characteristic of the initial, chronic phase of the disease. Without successful intervention, it will progress into blast crisis, resembling an acute leukaemia, which is aggressive and invariably fatal. Although it is hypothesised that additional genomic/genetic alterations are needed for this evolution, the exact causes have yet to be defined. The answer behind advanced disease may be intertwined with the other unsolved issue in CML, that being characterisation of primitive CML cells. This chapter introduces the clinical and cell biology of CML and describes examples of genes with important roles for CML stem cell abnormalities and blast crisis.

Parts of this chapter have formerly been published within the journal Annals of Hematology in Volume 94, Issue 2, supplement, April 2015, “Chronic Myeloid Leukemia”, doi:10.1007/s00277-015-2325-z.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest for the writing of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, 5000, Australia

    Bradley Chereda

  2. Department of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia

    Junia V. Melo

  3. Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Junia V. Melo

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  1. Bradley Chereda
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  1. Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

    Rüdiger Hehlmann

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Chereda, B., Melo, J.V. (2016). The Biology and Pathogenesis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. In: Hehlmann, R. (eds) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Hematologic Malignancies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33198-0_2

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