Abstract
Restoring the eyelid and tearing function is challenging for the head and neck surgeon performing facial reanimation surgery. A detailed eye examination is the basis to choose the best options for the individual patient. Treatment normally starts with medical treatment like using eye drops and ointments to protect the eye. In case of permanent facial palsy and especially when nonsurgical treatment fails to solve the problems, surgical treatment is indicated. There are a variety of standardized surgical techniques available to improve the function of the upper eyelid, the lower eyelid, the brow, and the forehead. The most important procedures are presented in this chapter. Treatment of periocular synkinesis is primarily an indication for botulinum toxin injections but surgery might also be an option. Finally, the treatment of the lacrimal system should not be overseen, that is, most often performed in collaboration with an ophthalmologist.
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Guntinas-Lichius, O. (2016). The Management of Lagophthalmos in Facial Nerve Paralysis. In: Costan, VV. (eds) Management of Extended Parotid Tumors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26545-2_22
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26545-2_22
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