Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Atmospheric Circulation

  • Chapter
The Climate of the Arctic

Part of the book series: Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library ((ATSL,volume 52))

Abstract

In this chapter, a history of the development of views on atmospheric circulation in the Arctic is presented. A “permanent Arctic anticyclone” hypothesis existed in the scientific literature until about mid-twentieth century. Large-scale atmospheric circulation as one of the climatic processes is described in detail for all seasons. Yearly cycles of sea-level atmospheric pressure are also analysed. Synoptic-scale circulation is characterized using cyclone and anticyclone frequencies and speed in winter and summer. Average wind conditions in the Arctic for 4 months, by season, are described. Analysis of dynamic conditions is supplemented with local winds characteristics, mainly bora and foehns. At the end of the chapter, the main features of polar lows in the Arctic are summarised.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Andrews R.H., 1964, ‘Meteorology and heat balance of the ablation area, White Glacier’, Axel Heiberg Island Research Reports, Meteorology, No. 1, McGill Univ., Montreal, 107 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atlas Arktiki, 1985, Glavnoye Upravlenye Geodeziy i Kartografiy, Moscow, 204 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baird P. D., 1964, The Polar World, Longmans, London, 328 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry R.G., 1964, Weather Conditions at Tanquary Fiord, Summer 1963, Canada Defense Research Board, Report D. Phys. R(G) Hazen 23, 36 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry R.G., 1981, Mountain Weather and Climate, Methuen, London and New York, 313 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry R.G. and Chorley R.J., 1992, Atmosphere, Weather and Climate, Routledge, London and New York, 392 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry R.G. and Hare F.K., 1974, ‘Arctic climate’, in: Ives J.D. and Barry R.G. (Eds.), Arctic and Alpine Environments, Methuen & Co. Ltd., London, pp. 17–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baur F., 1929, ‘Das Klima der bisher erforschten Teile der Arktis’, Arktis, 2, 77–89 and 110–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsson L., Hodges K.I and Roeckner E., 2006, ‘Storm tracks and climate change’, J. Climate, 19, 3518–3543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergeron T., 1928, ‘Uber die dreidimensional verknupfende Wetteranalyse’, Geofysiske Publikasjoner, vol. V, No. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broeke M. R., van den Duynkerke P. G. and Henneken E. A. C., 1994, ‘Heat, momentum and moisture budgets of the katabatic layer over the melting zone of the West Greenland ice sheet in summer’, Boundary Layer Meteorology, 71, 393–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown R.N.R., 1927, The Polar Regions: A Physical and Economic Geography of the Arctic and Antarctic, Methuen & Co. Ltd., London, 245 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Businger S., 1987, ‘The synoptic climatology of polar low outbreaks over the Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea’, Tellus, 39A, 307–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Businger S. and Reed R.J., 1989, ‘Polar lows’, in: Twitchell P.F., Rasmussen E.A. and Davidson K.L. (Eds.), Polar and Arctic Lows, A. Deepak Publishing, Hampton, pp. 3–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappelen J. (Ed.), 2013, ‘Greenland – DMI Historical Climate Data Collection 1873–2012’, Technical Report 13–04, DMI, 75 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton H.H., 1928, ‘The bearing of polar meteorology on world weather’, in: Joerg W. and Louis G. (Eds.), Problems of Polar Research, Amer. Geogr. Paper, Amer. Geogr. Soc. Special Publ., No. 7, New York, pp. 27–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colony R. and Thorndike A.S., 1984, ‘An estimate of the mean field of Arctic sea ice motion’, J. Geophys. Res., 89 (6), 10,623–10,629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crutcher H.J. and Meserve J.M., 1970, Selected Level Height, Temperatures, and Dew Points for the Northern Hemisphere, NAVAIR 50-1C-52 (revised), Chief of Naval Operations, Naval Weather Service Command, Washington, D.C., 420 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullather R.I. and Lynch A.H., 2003, ‘The annual cycle and interannual variability of atmospheric pressure in the vicinity of the North Pole’, Int. J. Climatol., 23, 1161–1183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Defant F., 1951, ‘Local winds’, in: Malone T.F. (Ed.), Compendium of Meteorology, Amer. Met. Soc., Boston, Mass., pp. 655–672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorsey H.G., 1945, ‘Some meteorological aspects of the Greenland ice cap’, J. Meteorol., 2, 135–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dorsey H.H., 1949, Meteorological Characteristics of Northern Arctic America, Mass. Inst. of Tech., unpublished.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dzerdzeevskii B.L., 1941–1945, ‘Circulation of the atmosphere in the Central Basin’, in: Trudy Dreifuyushchei Stantsii “Severnyi Polyus”, vol. 2, izd. GUSMP, 64–200 (in Russian), Transl. Univ. of Calif., Dep. of Meteorol., Scient. Rep. No. 3, 1954, variously paged.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dzerdzeevskii B. L., 1954, Circulation Models in the Troposphere of the Central Arctic, Moscow-Leningrad, (in Russian), Transl. Univ. of Calif., Dep. of Meteorol., Scient. Rep. No. 3, 1954, 1–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrel W., 1882, ‘The cause of low barometer in the Polar regions in the central part of cyclones’, Prof. Papers of the Signal Service, U.S. War Dept., No. VIII, 5–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrel W., 1889, A Popular Treatise on the Winds, Wigley, New York, 505 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fett R.W., 1989, ‘Polar low development associated with boundary layer fronts in the Greenland, Norwegian and Barents Seas’, in: Twitchell P.F., Rasmussen E.A. and Davidson K.L. (Eds.), Polar and Arctic Lows, A. Deepak Publishing, Hampton, pp. 313–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frolov I.E., Gudkovich Z.M., Radionov V.F., Shirochkov A.V. and Timokhov L.A., 2005, ‘The Arctic Basin. Results from the Russian Drifting Stations’, Praxis Publishing Ltd., Chichester, 272 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaigerov S.S., 1962, Problems of the Aerological Structure Circulation and Climate of the Free Atmosphere of the Central Arctic and Antarctic, Izd. AN SSSR, Moskva, 316 pp. (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaigerov S.S., 1964, Aerology of the Polar Regions, Gidrometeoizdat, Moskva (in Russian), Translated also by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1967, 280 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gledonova N.K., 1971, ‘Isobaric fields and wind’, in: Dolgin I.M. (Ed.) Meteorological Conditions of the non-Soviet Arctic, Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, pp. 69–83, (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gluza A.F. and Piasecki J., 1989, ‘The role of atmospheric circulation in formation of climatic features at South Bellsund in spring-summer season of 1987’, in: Repelewska-Pękalowa J. and Pękala K. (Eds.), Wyprawy Geograficzne UMCS w Lublinie na Spitsbergen 1986–1988, Sesja Polarna 1989, UMCS Lublin, pp. 9–28 (in Polish).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorshkov S.G. (Ed.), 1980, Military Sea Fleet Atlas of Oceans: Northern Ice Ocean, USSR: Ministry of Defense, 184 pp. (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinemann G., 2002, ‘Aircraft-based measurements of turbulence structure in the katabatic flow over Greenland’, Boundary Layer Meteorology, 103, 49–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helmholtz H. von, 1888, ‘Über atmosphärische Bewegungen’, Meteor. Zeit., 5, 329–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs W.H., 1910, ‘Characteristics of the inland ice of the Arctic regions’, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 49, 57–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs W.H., 1926, The Glacial Anticyclones, the Poles of the Atmospheric Circulation, Macmillan, New York, 198 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs W.H., 1945, ‘The Greenland glacial anticyclone’, J. Meteorol., 2, 143–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs W.H., 1948, ‘The climate of the Arctic as viewed by the explorer and the meteorologist’, Science, 108, 193–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson E., Aihoshi D., Gaines T., Simard G. and Mullock J., 2001, ‘The Weather of Nunavut and the Arctic’, NAV CANADA, 233 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson C.I., 1969, ‘The summer climate of Tanquary Fiord, N.W.T.’, Arctic Meteor. Res. Group, Publ. Meteor., No. 95, McGill Univ., Montreal, 65 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones P.D., 1987, ‘The early twentieth century Arctic high – fact or fiction?’, Clim. Dyn., 1, 63–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalicki T., 1985, ‘The foehnic effects of the NE winds in Palffyodden region (Sorkappland)’, Prace Geogr., 63, 99–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanevskiy Z.M., 1962, ‘Climatological characteristics of the Russkaya Gavan’ region (Novaya Zemlya)’, in: Sb. Issledovania Lednikov i Lednikovykh Rayonov, vyp. 2, Moskva, Izd. AN SSSR, pp. 112–143 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanevskiy Z.M. and Davidovich N.N., 1968, ‘Climate’, in: Glaciation of the Novaya Zemlya, Izd. “Nauka”, Moskva, pp. 41–78 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keegan T.J., 1958, ‘Arctic synoptic activity in winter’, J. Meteorol., 15, 513–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kozo T.L., 1982a, ‘An observational study of sea breezes along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea Coast: part I.’, J. Appl. Metr., 21, 891–905.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kozo T.L., 1982b, ‘A mathematical model of sea breezes along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea Coast: part II.’ J. Appl. Metr., 21, 906–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krenke A.N. and Markin V.A., 1973, ‘Climate of the archipelago in ablation season’, in: Glaciers of Franz Joseph Land, Izd. “Nauka”, Moskva, pp. 59–69 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • LeDrew E.F., 1983, ‘The dynamic climatology of the Beaufort to Laptev sectors of the Polar Basin for the summer of 1975 and 1976’, J. Climatol., 3, 335–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LeDrew E.F., 1984, ‘The role of local heat sources in synoptic activity within the Polar Basin’, Atmos.-Ocean, 22, 309–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LeDrew E.F., 1985, ‘The dynamic climatology of the Beaufort to Laptev sectors of the Polar Basin for the winter of 1975 and 1976’, J. Climatol., 5, 253–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Locatelli J.D., Hobbs P.V. and Werth J.A., 1982, ‘Mesoscale structures of vortices in polar air streams’, Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 1417–1433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loewe F., 1935, ‘Das Klima des Grönlandischen Inlandeises’, in: Köppen W. and Geiger R. (Eds.), Handbuch der Klimatologie, Bd. II, Teil K, Klima des Kanadischen Archipels und Grönlands, Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, pp. K67–K101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch A.H., Curry J.A., Brunner R.D. and Maslanik, 2004, ‘Toward an integrated assessment of the impacts of extreme wind events on Barrow, Alaska’, Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 85, 209–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marciniak K., Marszelewski W. and Przybylak R., 1985, ‘Air temperature on the Elise and Waldemar glaciers /NW Spitsbergen/ in the summer season – comparative study’, in: XII Sympozjum Polarne, Materiały, Szczecin, pp. 31–42 (in Polish).

    Google Scholar 

  • Markin V.A., 1975, ‘The climate of the contemporary glaciation area’, in: Glaciation of Spitsbergen (Svalbard), Izd. Nauka, Moskva, pp. 42–105 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell J.B., 1980, ‘The climate of the Canadian Arctic islands and adjacent waters’, vol. 1, Climatological studies, No. 30, Environment Canada, Atmospheric Environment Service, pp. 531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell J.B., 1982, ‘The climate of the Canadian Arctic islands and adjacent waters’, vol. 2, Climatological studies, No. 30, Environment Canada, Atmospheric Environment Service, pp. 589.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay G.A., Findlay B.F. and Thompson H.A., 1970, ‘A climatic perspective of tundra areas’, in: Fuller W.A. and Kevan P.G. (Eds.), Productivity and Conservation in Northern Circumpolar Lands, IUCN Publ., No. 16, Morges, pp. 10–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaren A.S., Serreze M.C. and Barry R.G., 1988, ‘Seasonal variations of atmospheric circulation and sea ice motion in the Arctic’, in: Amer. Met. Soc., Second Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, Boston, pp. 20–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meteorological Office, 1962, A Course in Elementary Meteorology, Met. 0.707, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, WC1V 6HB, 189 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohn H., 1905, Meteorology. The Norwegian North Polar Exped. 1893–1896, Scient. Res., vol.VI, Christiania-London-New York-Bombay-Leipzig, 659 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore G.W.K., 2013, ‘The Novaya Zemlya bora and its impact on Barents Sea air-sea interaction’, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3462–3467, DOI: 10.1002/grl.50641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moritz R.E., 1977, ‘On a possible sea-breeze circulation near Barrow, Alaska’, Arctic & Alpine Res., 9, 427–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller F. and Roskin-Sharlin N., 1967, A High Arctic Climate Study on Axel Heiberg Island, Axel Heiberg Island Research Reports, Meteorology, No. 3, McGill Univ., Montreal, 82 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noer G., Saetra Ø, Lien T. and Gusdal Y., 2011, ‘A climatological study of polar lows in the Nordic Seas’, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., DOI:10.1002/qj.846.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohmura A., 1981, ‘Climate and energy balance of Arctic tundra’, Zürcher Geographische Schriften, 3, Zürcher, 448 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker M.N., 1989, ‘Polar lows in the Beaufort Sea’, in: Twitchell P.F., Rasmussen E.A. and Davidson K.L. (Eds.), Polar and Arctic Lows, A. Deepak Publishing, Hampton, pp. 323–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereyma J., 1983, ‘Climatological problems of the Hornsund area – Spitsbergen’, Acta Univ. Wratisl., 714, 134 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petterssen S., Jacobs W.C. and Hayness B.C., 1956, Meteorology of the Arctic, Washington, D.C., 207 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prik Z.M., 1959, ‘Mean position of surface pressure and temperature distribution in the Arctic’, Trudy ANII, 217, 5–34 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Prik Z.M., 1960, ‘Basic results of the meteorological observations in the Arctic’, Probl. Arkt. Antarkt., 4, 76–90 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnins P., 1970, ‘The climate of Greenland’, in: Orvig S. (Ed.), Climates of the Polar Regions, World Survey of Climatology, vol. 14, Elsevier Publ. Comp., Amsterdam-London-New York, pp. 3–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rae R.W., 1951, Climate of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Department of Transport, Met. Div., Toronto, 90 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragozin A.I. and Chukanin K.I., 1959, ‘Mean trajectories and velocities of pressure systems in the European Arctic and in the Subarctic’, in: Sbornik statei po meteorologii, Trudy ANII, 217, 36–64 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen E., 1981, ‘An investigation of polar low with a spiral cloud structure’, J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1785–1792.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen E., 1983, ‘A review of mesoscale disturbances in cold air masses’, in: Lilly D.K. and Galchen T. (Eds.), Mesoscale, Meteorology-theories, Observations and Models, Reidel, Boston, pp. 247–283.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen E., 1985a, ‘A case study of a polar low development over the Barents Sea’, Tellus, 37A, 407–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen E., 1985b, ‘Paskestormen et baroklink polart lavtryk’, Vejret, 4–7 Argang, 3–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen E.A. and Turner J., 2003, ‘Polar Lows: Mesoscale Weather Systems in the Polar Regions’, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Reed R.J., 1979, ‘Cyclogenesis in polar air streams’, Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 38–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reed R.J. and Kunkel B.A., 1960, ‘The Arctic circulation in summer’, J. Meteorol.,17, 489–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rempp G. and Wagner A., 1917, ‘Die Hydrodynamik des Föhns und die “lokalen” Winde in Spitzbergen, Deutsches Observatorium, Ebeltofthafen-Spitzbergen’, Veroffentlichungen, 7, 12 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renfrew I.A., 2003, Polar Lows, in: Holton J.R., Curry J.A. and Pyle J.A. (Eds.) ‘Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Science’s, Academic Press, London and San Diego, pp. 1761–1768.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rigor I.G. and Heiberg A., 1997, International Arctic Buoy Program Data Report: 1 January 1996–31 December 1996, Advance Copy Technical Memorandum APL-UW TM5-97, Seattle, 163 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodewald M., 1950, ‘Zur Frage der Luftdruckverhältnisse in der Arktis’, Ann. Meteorol., 3, 284–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sater J.E., Ronhovde A.G. and Van Allen L.C. (Eds.), 1971, Arctic Environment and Resources, The Arctic Inst. of North America, Washington, 310 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schatz H., 1951, ‘Ein Föhnsturm in Nordostgrönland’, Polarforschung, 3, 13–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwerdtfeger W. 1931, ‘Zur Theorie polarer Temperatur- und Luftdruckwellen’, Veroff. des Geophysikalischen Instituts der Universitat Leipzig, II, Serie, Bd. IV, H. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sepp M. and Jaagus J., 2011, ‘Changes in the activity and tracks of Arctic cyclones’, Climatic Change, 105, 577–595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Serreze M.C. and Barry R.G., 1988, ‘Synoptic activity in the Arctic Basin in summer, 1979–1985’, in: Amer. Met. Soc., Second Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, March 29–31, 1988, Madison, Wisc., Boston, pp. 52–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serreze M.C. and Barry R.G., 2005, The Arctic Climate System, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 385 pp.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Serreze M.C., Box J.E., Barry R.G. and Walsh J.E., 1993, ‘Characteristics of Arctic synoptic activity, 1952–1989’, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 51, 147–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapaev W.M., 1959, ‘Basic data about local disturbances of wind and about representatives of the meteorological stations in the Soviet Arctic’, Trudy AANI, 217, 87–98 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro M.A., Fedor L.S. and Hampel T., 1987, ‘Research aircraft measurements within a polar low over the Norwegian Sea’, Tellus, 37, 272–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw N., 1927, ‘The influence of the north polar region upon the meteorology of the northern hemisphere’, in: Breitfuss L. (Ed.), Internat. Studiengesellschaft zur Erforschung der Arktis mit dem Luftschiff (Aeroarctic), Gotha: Justus Perthes, 25–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw N., 1928, Manual of Meteorology, vol. II, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shkolnik I.M. and Efimov S.V., 2013, ‘Cyclonic activity in high latitudes as simulated by a regional atmospheric climate model: added value and uncertainties’, Environ. Res. Lett., 8, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/045007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Small D., Atallah E. and Gyakum J., 2011, ‘Wind regimes along the Beaufort Sea Coast favorable for strong wind events at Tuktoyaktuk’ J. Appl. Metr. & Climatol., 50, 1291–1306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stepanova N.A., 1965, Some Aspects of Meteorological Conditions in the Central Arctic: A review of U.S.S.R. Investigations, U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Washington, 136 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugden D., 1982, Arctic and Antarctic. A Modern Geographical Synthesis, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 472 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sverdrup H.U., 1935, ‘Übersicht uber das Klima des Polarmeeres und des Kanadischen Archipels’, in: Köppen W. and Geiger R. (Eds.), Handbuch der Klimatologie, Bd. II, Teil K, Klima des Kanadischen Archipels und Grönlands, Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, pp. K3-K30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike A.S. and Colony R., 1980, Arctic Ocean Buoy Program Data Report: 1 January 1979–31 December 1979, Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, 131 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner J., Lachlan-Cope T. and Rasmussen E.A., 1991, ‘Polar lows’, Weather, 46 (4), 107–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner J. and Marshall G.J., 2011, ‘Climate Change in the Polar Regions’, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 434 pp.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Twitchell P.F., Rasmussen E.A. and Davidson K.L. (Eds.), 1989, Polar and Arctic Lows, A. Deepak Publishing, Hampton, 421 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vangengeim G. Ya., 1937, ‘Meteorological conditions of the region of Franz Joseph Land in the warm season of the year (April-August)’, Trudy Arkt. Inst., 103, 3–64 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vangengeim G. Ya., 1952, ‘Bases of the macrocirculation method for long-term weather forecasts for the Arctic’, Trudy ANII, 34, 314 pp. (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vangengeim G. Ya., 1961, ‘Degree of the atmospheric circulation homogeneity in different parts of Northern Hemisphere under the existence of main macrocirculation types W, E and C’, Trudy AANII, 240, 4–23 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vize V. Yu., 1925, ‘Novaya Zemlya’s bora’, Izv. Central’nogo Gidrometeorologicheskogo biuro, vyp. 5 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vowinckel E. and Orvig S., 1970, ‘The climate of the North Polar Basin’, in: Orvig S. (Ed.), Climates of the Polar Regions, World Survey of Climatology, 14, Elsevier Publ. Comp., Amsterdam-London-New York, pp. 129–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner G., 1965, Klimatologische Beobachtungen in Südostspitzbergen 1960, Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden, 69 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh J.E., 1977, ‘Measurements of the temperature, wind, and moisture distribution across the northern coast of Alaska’, Arctic & Alpine Res., 9, 175–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh J.E., 1978, ‘Temporal and spatial series of the Arctic circulation’, Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1532–1544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker L.M. and Horn L.H., 1984, ‘Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone activity’, J. Climatol., 4, 297–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilhelmsen K., 1985, ‘Climatological study of gale-producing polar lows near Norway’, Tellus, 37A, 451–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wójcik G. and Kejna M., 1991, ‘Annual distribution of wind direction frequencies and annual and daily course of wind velocity in Hornsund (SW Spitsbergen)’, Acta Univ. Wratisl., 1213, Prace Inst. Geogr., Ser. A, t. V, 351–363 (in Polish).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wójcik G., Marciniak K. and Przybylak R., 1983, ‘Air humidity during the summer on the coastal Kaffiöyra Plain and Waldemar Glacier (NW Spitsbergen)’, in: Olszewski A. and Wójcik G. (Eds.), Polskie Badania Polarne 1970–1982, Rozprawy UMK, X Sympozjum Polarne, Toruń, pp. 187–199 (in Polish).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wójcik G. and Przybylak R., 1991, ‘Meteorological conditions on the Kaffiöyra Plain (NW Spitsbergen) in the period 14th July – 9th September 1982’, Acta Univ. Nicolai Copernici, Geografia, 22, Toruń, 109–124 (in Polish).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahn M. and von Storch H., 2008, ‘A long-term climatology of North Atlantic polar lows’, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22702. DOI:10.1029/2008GL035769.

  • Zeeberg J., 2002, Climate and Glacial History of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russian Arctic, Rozenberg Publishers, Amsterdam, 174 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X.D., Walsh J.E., Zhang J., Bhatt U.S. and Ikeda M., 2004, ‘Climatology and interannual variability of arctic cyclone activity: 1948–2002’, J. Climate, 17, 2300–2317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland

    Rajmund Przybylak

Authors
  1. Rajmund Przybylak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Przybylak, R. (2016). Atmospheric Circulation. In: The Climate of the Arctic. Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library, vol 52. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21696-6_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation