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Lower Extremity Benign Bone Lesions and Related Conditions

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Pediatric Lower Limb Deformities

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Abstract

Benign bone lesions in the lower extremities of children may produce pain, pathologic fracture, shortening, restriction of joint motion, or angular deformity. The common benign lesions seen in the lower extremities include osteochondromas, nonossifying fibromas, and fibrous dysplasia, while conditions such as multiple enchondromatosis, dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica, and osteofibrous dysplasia are seen very rarely. Treatment is usually guided by the symptoms of the patients. Patients with conditions which create masses such as osteochondromas and dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica frequently require excision of lesions for symptomatic improvement. Those lesions which are lytic in nature, such as fibrous dysplasia and enchondromatosis, may present skeletal fixation challenges due to compromised bone mechanics. Extraosseous involvement may be seen in children with fibrous dysplasia (precocious puberty) and Maffucci’s syndrome (enchondromatosis, hemangiomatosis, and increased risk of malignancy). Malignant transformation may occur in some conditions, namely osteochondromas, enchondromatosis, and osteofibrous dysplasia. This chapter will describe the etiologies, presentations, radiographic and histologic characteristics, and common treatments for these benign conditions.

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  1. Department of orthopedic Surgery, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital, 2222 Welborn, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA

    Lori Karol MD

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  1. Professor, Department of Orthopedics; Chief, Division of Pediatric Orthopedics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA

    Sanjeev Sabharwal

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Karol, L. (2016). Lower Extremity Benign Bone Lesions and Related Conditions. In: Sabharwal, S. (eds) Pediatric Lower Limb Deformities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17097-8_20

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