Abstract
Concepts from geography, place, time, history, memory and narrative are aligned here using the WWI centennial (2014–18) as a landmark base. Interpretation includes changes in time scales, heritages and social-constructs acknowledging the work of UNESCO. Scientists and artists alike have explored the nexus—time and space, life and memory, including social paradigms regarding the gods, ethnicity and nation. Perspectives on the destruction of Rheims Cathedral (1914) are explored as are the devastation at Ypres and villages on the Front. At first glance, aspects of commemoration rituals remain the same over long time scales assuring national identity continuity to citizens, but become embedded in current political-cultural and globalization contexts. Organization of commemorations has become ever-more challenging due to increasing voices wanting to be heard, and also public expectations, including entertainment, spectacle or show. Notions of the (geo)politics of memory influence ways in which groups construct and identify with narratives including those of ‘self’, ‘us’ and the ‘others’. WWI commemorations offered an ideal opportunity for citizens to reassess the ongoing challenges in Europe taking into account public-fatigue with political institutions, along with a rise in populism.
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Notes
- 1.
German WWI submarine remains resurface on French coast.
DW-Made for Minds/AFP. https://www.dw.com/en/german-wwi-submarine-remains-resurface-on-french-coast/a-47059898 2018.
- 2.
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YouTube: The Villages That Died for France—Portraits of No Man’s Land.
(In the aftermath of WWI, the No Man’s Land between the trenches was a site of total devastation, with human bodies, munitions and poisonous gasses buried in the mud. Villages in the region were never able to rebuild. This is the story of one dead village, and the mayor keeping its memories alive).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzxIKb2G_RY&feature=youtu.be.
The Destroyed Villages of France—Fleury I The Great War Special. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9KZL77eOec.
YouTube: Fleury-devant-Douaumont, “a village that died for France.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxOEUeLUy2U.
- 3.
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Kayaköy. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayak%C3%B6y.
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Vicken Cheterian. 2018. Open Wounds: Armenians, Turks and a Century of Genocide. London: Hurst Publishers.
- 4.
See: The following sources are chosen from a ranger of popular and official sources.
Corpse of Ottoman soldier killed in WWI discovered a century after his death. Daily Sabah Turkey. 2 Feb. 2017. https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2017/02/02/corpse-of-ottoman-soldier-killed-in-wwi-discovered-a-century-after-his-death.
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Remains of WW1 soldier found buried in ice are finally returned home. Articles by Gian Spagnoletti. War History Online. https://www.warhistoryonline.com/author/gian-spagnoletti.
Unknown soldiers laid to rest as ‘war detectives’ puzzle over identities. Member of Lancashire Fusiliers and two Australian men buried a century after they fell in Belgium. Article by Daniel Boffey. The Guardian. 6 November 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/06/unknown-soldier-laid-to-rest-as-war-detectives-puzzle-over-identity.
Bodies of 125 WW1 soldiers found entombed in perfectly preserved trench 101 YEARS after their deaths: The soldiers - British, German, French and South African—were found where they fell in Flanders, Belgium. Article by Kelly-Ann Mills., The Mirror. 13 July 2018. https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/bodies-125-ww1-soldiers-found-12910413.
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- 5.
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- 6.
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- 7.
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- 8.
See: Deborah Lipstadt, author of Denying the Holocaust (1993), History on Trial: My Day in Court with a Holocaust Denier (2005) and The Eichmann Trial (2011). Also the movie Denial (2016) a British-American biographical drama film directed by Mick Jackson and written by David Hare, based on Deborah Lipstadt’s book History on Trial: My Day in Court with a Holocaust Denier.
- 9.
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- 14.
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- 15.
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- 16.
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- 17.
German WWI submarine remains resurface on French coast.
DW-Made for Minds/AFP. https://www.dw.com/en/german-wwi-submarine-remains-resurface-on-french-coast/a-47059898 2018.
- 18.
Harris (2014).
- 19.
While visiting Douaumont in August 2018, where I had been going since 1989, preparations were underway that day for a big international ceremony. The sound technicians decided to test their equipment with an ill chosen song from the charts in English, that was full of obscenities and offensive language, whether by design or more so by language ignorance. When I pointed this out, the test music was changed.
- 20.
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- 21.
New Zealand Battlefield Tour in Flanders from Ghent 2019. https://www.viator.com/en-IE/tours/Ghent/Private-New-Zealand-Battlefield-Tour-in-Flanders-from-Ghent/d23079-10604P11?mcid=56757. Australian Battlefield Tour Flanders from Bruges 2019. https://www.viator.com/en-IE/tours/Bruges/Small-Group-Australian-Battlefield-Tour-in-Flanders-from-Bruges/d4836-10604P9?mcid=56757. Vimy, Belgium Canadian Battlefield Private Tour from Bruges 2019. https://www.viator.com/en-IE/tours/Bruges/Private-Vimy-and-Belgium-Canadian-Battlefield-Tour-from-Bruges/d4836-10604P20?mcid=56757.
- 22.
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- 23.
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- 46.
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O’Reilly, G. (2020). Geography: Place and Memory Nexus. In: O'Reilly, G. (eds) Places of Memory and Legacies in an Age of Insecurities and Globalization. Key Challenges in Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60982-5_3
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