Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Climate and Weather in Chile

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Water Resources of Chile

Part of the book series: World Water Resources ((WWR,volume 8))

Abstract

Main physical mechanisms controlling weather and climate in the continental domain of Chile are addressed in this chapter, with particular emphasis on those that are more pertinent to the precipitation regime. In particular, most relevant factors that modulate the rainfall variability, from the intraseasonal time-scale to long-term changes, are discussed in relation with the characteristics of the large-scale atmospheric circulation and different modes in the functioning of the ocean-atmosphere system, and the anthropogenic forcing of climate change.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aceituno P (1988) On the functioning of the southern oscillation in the South American sector. Part I: Surface climate. Mon Weather Rev 116:505–524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aceituno P (1996) Elementos del clima en el Altiplano Sudamericano. Revista Geofísica (IPGH) 44:37–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Aceituno P, Fuenzalida H, Rosenbluth B (1993) Climate along the extratropical west coast of South America. In: Mooney HA, Fuentes ER, Kronberg BI (eds) Earth system responses to global change: contrasts between North and South America. Academic, New York, pp 61–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Álvarez MS, Vera CS, Kiladis GN, Liebmann B (2016) Influence of the Madden Julian Oscillation on precipitation and surface air temperature in South America. Clim Dyn 46:245–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2581-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barahona CE (2013) Precipitaciones asociadas a bajas segregadas en la zona central de Chile, entre los años 2003 y 2005. Report to obtain a professional title in Meteorology, Universidad de Valparaíso

    Google Scholar 

  • Barahona CE (2016) Precipitación asociada a bajas segregadas en el Hemisferio Sur. MSc thesis, Universidad de Chile

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett BS, Garreaud R, Falvey M (2009) Effect of the Andes Cordillera on precipitation from a midlatitude cold front. Mon Weather Rev 137:3092–3109. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009-MWR2881.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett BS, Carrasco JF, Testino AP (2011) Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) modulation of atmospheric circulation and Chilean winter precipitation. J Clim 25:1678–1688. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00216.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett BS, Campos DA, Veloso JV, Rondanelli R (2016) Extreme temperature and precipitation events in March 2015 in central and northern Chile. J Geophys Res Atmos 121:4563–4580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boisier JP, Rondanelli R, Garreaud RD, Muñoz F (2016) Anthropogenic and natural contributions to the Southeast Pacific precipitation decline and recent megadrought in Central Chile. Geophys Res Lett 43:413–421. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015-GL067265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boisier JP, Alvarez-Garretón C, Cordero RR, Damiani A, Gallardo L, Garreaud RD, Lambert F, Ramallo C, Rojas M, Rondanelli R (2018) Anthropogenic drying in Central-Southern Chile evidenced by long-term observations and climate model simulations. Elem Sci Anth 6(1):74. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozkurt D, Rondanelli R, Garreaud R, Arriagada A (2016) Impact of warmer eastern tropical Pacific SST on the March 2015 Atacama floods. Mon Weather Rev 144:4441–4460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cai W, Cowan T, Thatcher M (2012) Rainfall reductions over southern hemisphere semi-arid regions: the role of subtropical dry zone expansion. Sci Rep 2:702. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cereceda P, Osses P, Larraín H, Farıas M, Lagos M, Pinto R, Schemenauer RS (2002) Advective, orographic and radiation fog in the Tarapacá region, Chile. Atmos Res 64:261–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins M, Knutti R, Arblaster J, Dufresne JL, Fichefet F, Friedlingstein P, Gao X, Gutowski WJ, Johns T, Krinner G, Shongwe M, Tebaldi C, Weaver AJ, Wehner M (2013) Long-term climate change: projections, commitments and irreversibility. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner GK, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York, pp 1029–1136

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortés G, Vargas X, McPhee J (2011) Climatic sensitivity of streamflow timing in the extratropical western Andes Cordillera. J Hydrol 405:93–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dee DP et al (2011) The ERA-interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Q J R Meteorol Soc 137(656):553–597. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donald A, Meinke H, Power B, Maia ADHN, Wheeler MC, White N, Stone RC, Ribbe J (2006) Near-global impact of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on rainfall. Geophys Res Lett 33(9). https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025155

  • Dong B, Dai A (2015) The influence of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on temperature and precipitation over the globe. Clim Dyn 45:2667–2681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2500-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falvey M, Garreaud R (2007) Wintertime precipitation episodes in Central Chile: associated meteorological conditions and orographic influences. J Hydrometeorol 8:171–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuentes R (2014) Sensibilidad a diferentes condiciones iniciales en simulaciones de mesoescala de una baja segregada: un caso de estudio. Report to obtain a professional title in Meteorology, Universidad de Valparaíso

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuenzalida H (1971) Climatología de Chile. Sección Meteorología, Departamento de Geofísica y Geodesia. Universidad de Chile, 73pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuenzalida H, Rutllant J, Vergara J (1989) Meteorological aspects of water collection from stratocumuli in Northern Chile. Extended Abstracts 3rd international conference on southern hemisphere meteorology and oceanography, Buenos Aires, Nov 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuenzalida H, Sánchez R, Garreaud R (2005) A climatology of cut off lows in the southern hemisphere. J Geophys Res 110:D1801. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005934

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud RD (1999) A multi-scale analysis of the summertime precipitation over the Central Andes. Mon Weather Rev 127:901–921

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R (2007) Precipitation and circulation covariability in the extratopics. J Clim 20:4789–4797

    Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R (2013) Warm winter storms in Central Chile. J Hydrometeorol 14:1515–1534. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-12-0135.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud RD, Aceituno P (2001) Interannual rainfall variability over the South American Altiplano. J Clim 14:2779–2789

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R, Battisti DS (1999) Interannual (ENSO) and Interdecadal (ENSO-like) variability in the southern hemisphere tropospheric circulation. J Clim 12:2113–2123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R, Fuenzalida HA (2007) The influence of the Andes on cut-off lows: a modeling study. Mon Weather Rev 135:1596–1613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R, Rutllant J (1996) Análisis meteorológico de los aluviones de Antofagasta y Santiago de Chile en el periodo 1991–1993. Atmósfera 9:251–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R, Vuille M, Clements A (2003) The climate of the Altiplano: observed current conditions and past change mechanisms. Paleo3 3054:1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R, Barichivich J, Christie DA, Maldonado A (2008) Interannual variability of the coastal fog at Fray Jorge relict forests in semiarid Chile. J Geophys Res 113. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000709

  • Garreaud R, Lopez P, Minvielle M, Rojas M (2013) Large scale control on the Patagonia climate. J Clim 26:215–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R, Falvey M, Montecinos A (2016) Orographic precipitation in coastal southern Chile: mean distribution, temporal variability and linear contribution. J Hydrometeorol 17:1185–1202

    Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud RD, Alvarez-Garreton C, Barichivich J, Boisier JP, Christie D, Galleguillos M, LeQuesne C, McPhee J, Zambrano-Bigiarini M (2017) The 2010–2015 megadrought in Central Chile: impacts on regional hydroclimate and vegetation. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 21:6307–6327. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6307-2017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R, Boisier JP, Rondanelli R, Montecinos A, Sepúlveda H, Veloso-Águila D (2019) The Central Chile mega drought (2010–2018): a climate dynamics perspective. Int J Climatol 40(1):421–439. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillett NP, Kell TD, Jones PD (2006) Regional climate impacts of the southern annular mode. Geophys Res Lett 33. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027721

  • Gillett NP, Fyfe JC, Parker DE (2013) Attribution of observed sea level pressure trends to greenhouse gas, aerosol, and ozone changes. Geophys Res Lett 40:2302–2306. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimm AM, Barros VR, Doyle ME (2000) Climate variability in southern South America associated with El Niño and La Niña events. J Clim 13:35–58. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<0035:CVISSA>2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guan B, Waliser DE (2015) Detection of atmospheric rivers: evaluation and application of an algorithm for global studies. J Geophys Res Atmos 120:12514–12535. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haylock MR, Peterson TC, Alves LM, Ambrizzi T, Anunciação YMT, Baez J, Barros VR, Berlato MA, Bidegain M, Coronel G, Corradi V, Garcia VJ, Grimm AM, Karoly D, Marengo JA, Marino MB, Moncunill DF, Nechet D, Quintana J, Rebello E, Rusticucci M, Santos JL, Trebejo I, Vincent LA (2006) Trends in total and extreme south American rainfall in 1960–2000 and links with sea surface temperature. J Clim 19:1490–1512. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3695.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houston J, Hartley AJ (2003) The central Andean west-slope rainshadow and its potential contribution to the origin of hyper-aridity in the Atacama Desert. Int J Climatol 23:1453–1464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacques-Coper M, Garreaud RD (2015) Characterization of the 1970s climate shift in South America. Int J Climatol 35:2164–2179. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez-Cisneros BE, Oki T, Arnell NW, Benito G, Cogley JG, Döll P, Jiang T, Mwakalila SS (2014) Freshwater resources. In: Field CB, Barros VT, Dokken DJ, Mach KJ, Mastrandrea MD, Bilir TE, Chatterjee M, Ebi KL, Estrada YO, Genova RC, Girma B, Kissel ES, Levy AN, MacCracken S, Mastrandrea OR, White LL (eds) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of working group II to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel of climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York, pp 229–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Juliá C, Rahn DA, Rutllant JA (2012) Assessing the influence of the MJO on strong precipitation events in subtropical, semi-arid North-Central Chile (30°S). J Clim 25:7003–7013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karoly DJ (1989) Southern hemisphere circulation features associated with el Niño-southern oscillation events. J Clim 2:1239–1252. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<1239:SHCFAW>2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klemm O, Schemenauer RS, Lummerich A, Cereceda P, Marzol V, Corell D, van Heerden J, Reinhard D, Gherezghiher T, Olivier J, Osses P, Sarsour J, Frost E, Estrela M, Valiente JA, Mussie Fessehaye G (2012) Fog as a fresh-water resource: overview and perspectives. Ambio 41(3):221–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0247-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lenters JD, Cook KH (1997) On the origin of the Bolivian high and related circulation features of the South American climate. J Atmos Sci 54:656–677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lleal i Galceran F (1987) La Camanchaca: Captacions d’aigua al Desert d’Atacama. Revista Catalana de Geografia 5(II):59–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Marqués R, Rao VB (1999) A diagnosis of a long-lasting blocking event over the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Mon Weather Rev 127:1761–1776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall GJ (2003) Trends in the southern annular mode from observations and reanalyses. J Clim 16(24):4134–4143. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<4134:TITSAM>2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minetti JL, Vargas WM, Poblete AG, Acuña LR, Grande GC (2003) Non-linear trends and low frequency oscillations in annual precipitation over Argentina and Chile, 1931–1999. Atmósfera 16:119–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Mo KC, Higgins RW (1998) The Pacific–South American modes and tropical convection during the southern hemisphere winter. Mon Weather Rev 126:1581–1596. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<1581:TPSAMA>2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mo KC, Paegle JN (2001) The Pacific–south American modes and their downstream effects. Int J Climatol 21:1211–1229. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montecinos A, Aceituno P (2003) Seasonality of the ENSO-related rainfall variability in Central Chile and associated circulation anomalies. J Clim 16:281–296. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0281:SOTERR>2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz-Schick M, Pinto R, Mesa A, Moreira-Muñoz A (2001) Oasis de neblina en los cerros costeros del sur de Iquique, región de Tarapacá, Chile, durante el evento El Niño 1997–1998. Rev Chil Hist Nat 74:389–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ndarana T, Waugh DW (2010) The link between cut-off lows and Rossby wave breaking in the southern hemisphere. Q J R Meteorol Soc 136:869–885

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Kane TJ, Monselesan DP, Risbey JS (2016) A multiscale reexamination of the Pacific–south American pattern. Mon Weather Rev 145:379–402. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-16-0291.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmen E (1949) On the origin and structure of high level cyclones south of the maximum westerlies. Tellus 1:22–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pizarro JG, Montecinos A (2000) Cut-off cyclones off the subtropical coast of Chile. Preprints 6th international conference on southern hemisphere meteorology and oceanography. American Meteorological Society, pp 278–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Polade SD, Gershunov A, Cayan DR, Dettinger MD, Pierce DW (2017) Precipitation in a warming world: assessing projected hydro-climate changes in California and other Mediterranean climate regions. Sci Rep 7(1):10783. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11285-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Purich A, Cowan T, Min S-K, Cai W (2013) Autumn precipitation trends over southern hemisphere midlatitudes as simulated by CMIP5 models. J Clim 26:8341–8356. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00007.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quintana JM, Aceituno P (2012) Changes in the rainfall regime along the extratropical west coast of South America (Chile): 30–43° S. Atmósfera 25:1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Ralph FM, Dettinger M, Lavers D, Gorodetskava IV, Martin A, Viale M, White AB, Oakley N, Rutz J, Spackman JR, Wernli H, Cordeira J (2017) Atmospheric rivers emerge as a global science and applications focus. Bull Am Meteor Soc 98:1969–1973. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0262.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao VB, do Carmo AMC, Franchito SH (2003) Interannual variations of storm tracks in the southern hemisphere and their connections with the Antarctic oscillation. Int J Climatol 23:1537–1545. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.948

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renwick JA, Revell MJ (1999) Blocking over the South Pacific and Rossby wave propagation. Mon Weather Rev 127:2233–2247. https://doi.org/10.1175/15200493(1999)127<2233:BOTSPA>2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renwick JA (2005) Persistent positive anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere circulation. Mon Weather Rev 133:977–988

    Google Scholar 

  • Rondanelli R, Hatchett B, Rutllant J, Bozkurt D, Garreaud R (2019) Strongest MJO on record triggers extreme Atacama rainfall and warmth in Antarctica. Geophys Res Lett 46. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081475

  • Rutllant J, Fuenzalida H (1991) Synoptic aspects of the Central Chile rainfall variability associated with the Southern Oscillation. Int J Climatol 11:63–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370110105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutllant JA, Reyes A, Rondanelli R, Mardones P (2017) Campaña Talinay 2016: Coherencia especial de las observaciones intensivas realizadas entre el 18 y 28 de Octubre. V Congreso de Oceanografía Física, Meteorología y Clima del Pacífico Sur-Oriental. 6–10 Noviembre 2017, U. de Concepción

    Google Scholar 

  • Scaff L, Rutllant JA, Rahn D, Gascoin S, Rondanelli R (2017) Meteorological interpretation of orographic precipitation gradients along an Andes West slope basin at 30° S (Elqui Valley, Chile). J Hydrometeorol 18:713–727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schemenauer R, Fuenzalida H, Cereceda P (1988) A neglected water resource: the Camanchaca of South America. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 69:138–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schewe J, Heinke J, Gerten D, Haddeland I, Arnell NW, Clark DB, Dankers R, Eisner S, Fekete BM, Colón-González FJ, Gosling SN, Kim H, Liu X, Masaki Y, Portmann FT, Satoh Y, Stacke T, Tang Q, Wada Y, Wisser D, Albrecht T, Frieler K, Piontek F, Warszawski L, Kabat P (2014) Multimodel assessment of water scarcity under climate change. PNAS 111:3245–3250. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222460110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz N, Boisier JP, Aceituno P (2011) Climate change along the arid coast of northern Chile. Int J Climatol 32:1803–1814. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair MR, Renwick JA, Kidson JW (1997) Low-frequency variability of southern hemisphere sea level pressure and weather system activity. Mon Weather Rev 125:2531–2543. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<2531:LFVOSH>2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith RB, Evans JP (2007) Orographic precipitation and water vapor fractionation over the southern Andes. J Hydrometeorol 8:3–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor KE, Stouffer RJ, Meehl GA (2011) An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 93(4):485–498. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson DWJ, Wallace JM (2000) Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: month-to-month variability. J Clim 13:1000–1016. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1000:AMITEC>2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vera C, Higgins W, Amador J, Ambrizzi T, Garreaud R, Gochis D, Gutzler D, Lettenmaier D, Marengo J, Mechoso C, Nogues-Paegle J, Silva Diaz PL, Zhang C (2006) Towards a unified view of the American monsoon system. J Clim 19:4977–5000

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viale M (2017) Technical note. http://www.dgf.uchile.cl/noticias/140021/aluvion-en-villa-santa-lucia-y-su-relacion-con-un-rio-atmosferico

  • Viale M, Garreaud R (2014) Summer precipitation events over the western slope of the subtropical Andes. Monthly Weather Review 142:1074–1092

    Google Scholar 

  • Viale M, Garreaud R (2015) Orographic effects of the subtropical and extratropical Andes on upwind precipitating clouds. J Geophys Res Atmos 120. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD023014

  • Viale M, Núñez MN (2011) Climatology of winter orographic precipitation over the subtropical Central Andes and associated synoptic and regional characteristics. J Hydrometeorol 12:481–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viale M, Valenzuela R, Garreaud RD, Ralph FM (2018) Impacts of atmospheric rivers on precipitation in Southern South America. J Hydrometeorol 19:1671–1687. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-18-0006.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Patricio Aceituno, Juan Pablo Boisier, René Garreaud, Roberto Rondanelli & José A. Rutllant

  2. CR-2, Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia, Santiago, Chile

    Juan Pablo Boisier, René Garreaud & Roberto Rondanelli

  3. CEAZA, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, La Serena, Chile

    José A. Rutllant

Authors
  1. Patricio Aceituno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Juan Pablo Boisier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. René Garreaud
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Roberto Rondanelli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. José A. Rutllant
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patricio Aceituno .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Bonifacio Fernández

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Jorge Gironás

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Aceituno, P., Boisier, J.P., Garreaud, R., Rondanelli, R., Rutllant, J.A. (2021). Climate and Weather in Chile. In: Fernández, B., Gironás, J. (eds) Water Resources of Chile. World Water Resources, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56901-3_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation