Abstract
The four dimensional design approach focuses on cognitive, emotional, social, and psychomotor dimensions of learning. It relies on balanced differentiation of educational activities. Such a differentiation aims at increasing learners’ motivation. In this paper, we examine the adoption of the four dimensional design to a non-core blended course designed and led at the War Studies University in Poland. Data collected from 59 respondents through structured interviews and the analysis of learning outcomes revealed that the four dimensional instructional design approach applied to a blended course keeps students motivated and engaged in the learning content. Our results suggest that university instructors should incorporate the four dimensional approach into instructional strategies to maximise learners’ motivation and learning outcomes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ivanitskaya, L., Clark, D., Montgomery, G., Primeau, R.: Interdisciplinary learning: process and outcomes. Innov. High. Educ. 27, 95–111 (2002)
Garrison, D.R., Vaughan, N.D.: Blended Learning in Higher Education: Framework, Principles, and Guidelines. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco (2008)
Stein, J., Graham, C.R.: Essentials for Blended Learning: A Standards-Based Guide. Routledge, New York, London (2014)
López-Pérez, M.V., Pérez-López, M.C., Rodríguez-Ariza, L.: Blended learning in higher education: Students’ perceptions and their relation to outcomes. Comput. Educ. 56, 818–826 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPEDU.2010.10.023
Domalewska, D.: Technology-supported classroom for collaborative learning: blogging in the foreign language classroom. Int. J. Educ. Develop. Inf. Commun. Technol. 10(4), 21–30 (2014)
Garrison, D.R.: E-Learning in the 21st Century: A Community of Inquiry Framework for Research and Practice, 3rd edn. Routledge/Taylor and Francis, London (2017)
Lee, J., Bonk, C.J.: Social network analysis of peer relationships and online interactions in a blended class using blogs. Internet High. Educ. 28, 35–44 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IHEDUC.2015.09.001
Rourke, L., Anderson, T., Garrison, R.D., Archer, W.: Assessing social presence in asynchronous text-based computer conferencing. J. Distance Educ. 14, 50–71 (2007)
Al-Zahrani, A.M.: From passive to active: the impact of the flipped classroom through social learning platforms on higher education students’ creative thinking. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 46, 1133–1148 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12353
Horn, M.B., Staker, H.: Blended: Using Disruptive Innovation to Improve Schools. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco (2017)
Domalewska, D.: Blogs as means for promoting active learning: a case study of a Thai University. In: Smyczek, S., Matysiewicz, J. (eds.) New Media in Higher Education Market. University of Economics in Katowice, pp. 278–288 (2015)
Roehl, A., Reddy, S.L., Shannon, G.J.: The flipped classroom: an opportunity to engage millennial students through active learning strategies. J. Fam. Consum. Sci. 105, 44–49 (2013)
Angelaina, S., Jimoyiannis, A.: Analysing students’ engagement and learning presence in an educational blog community. EMI Educ. Media Int. 49, 183–200 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2012.738012
Wentao, C., Jinyu, Z., Zhonggen, Y.: Learning outcomes and affective factors of blended learning of english for library science. Int. J. Inf. Commun. Technol. Educ. 12, 13–25 (2016). https://doi.org/10.4018/IJICTE.2016070102
Sugahara, S., Boland, G.: The effectiveness of powerpoint presentations in the accounting classroom. Account. Educ. 15, 391–403 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1080/09639280601011099
Owston, R., York, D.N.: The nagging question when designing blended courses: does the proportion of time devoted to online activities matter? Internet High. Educ. 36, 22–32 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IHEDUC.2017.09.001
Van Der Merwe, A.: Using blended learning to boost motivation and performance in Introductory Economics modules. South African J. Econ. 75, 125–135 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2007.00109.x
Schober, A., Keller, L.: Impact factors for learner motivation in Blended Learning environments. Int. J. Emerging Technol. Learn. (iJET), 7(Sp. Iss. 2: FNMA), 37–41 (2012)
Smirnova, G.I., Katashev, V.G.: A study module in the logical structure of cognitive process in the context of variable-based blended learning. Eur. J. Contemp. Educ. 4, 102 (2017). https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2017.1.4
MacDonald, J.: Blended Learning and Online Tutoring: Planning Learner Support and Activity Design. Gower, Aldershot (2008)
Whiteside, A.L.: Introducing the social presence model to explore online and blended learning experiences. Online Learn. 19, 2 (2015)
Parlangeli, O., Marchigiani, E., Guidi, S., Mesh, L.: Disentangled emotions in blended learning. Int. J. Hum. Factors Ergon. 1, 41–57 (2012)
Zirkle, C., Fletcher, E.C.J.: Utilization of distance education in Career and Technical Education (CTE) Teacher Education. In: Wang, V.C.X. (ed.) Handbook of Research on e-Learning Applications for Career and Technical Education: Technologies for Vocational Training, pp. 1–13. Information Science Reference, Hershey, New York (2009)
Okaz, A.A.: Integrating blended learning in higher education. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 186, 600–603 (2015)
Nauman, S., Yun, Y., Sinnappan, S.: Emerging web technologies in higher education: a case of incorporating blogs, podcasts and social bookmarks in a web programming course based on students’ learning styles and technology preferences. J. Educ. Technol. Soc. 12, 98–109 (2009)
Parrish, P., Linder-VanBerschot, J.: Cultural dimensions of learning: addressing the challenges of multicultural instruction. Int. Rev. Res. Open Distrib. Learn. 11, 1 (2010). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v11i2.809
Oxford, R.L.: Language Learning Strategies Around the World: Cross-cultural Perspectives. University of Hawaii, Honolulu (1996)
Domalewska, D.: Approaches to studying across culturally contrasting groups: implications for security education. Secur. Def. Q. 16, 3–19 (2017)
Bonk, C.J., Graham, C.R.: The Handbook of Blended Learning: Global Perspectives, Local Designs. Pfeiffer, San Francisco (2005)
Koller, V., Harvey, S., Magnotta, M.: Technology-Based Learning Strategies (2006)
Al-Huneidi, A.M., Schreurs, J.: Constructivism based blended learning in higher education. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn. 7, 4–9 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v7i1.1792
Broadbent, J.: Comparing online and blended learner’s self-regulated learning strategies and academic performance. Internet High. Educ. 33, 24–32 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IHEDUC.2017.01.004
Cooner, T.S.: Dialectical constructivism: reflections on creating a web-mediated enquiry-based learning environment. Soc. Work Educ. 24, 375–390 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1080/02615470500096902
Snodin, N.S.: The effects of blended learning with a CMS on the development of autonomous learning: a case study of different degrees of autonomy achieved by individual learners. Comput. Educ. 61, 209–216 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPEDU.2012.10.004
Melton, B.F., Graf, H., Chopak-Foss, J.: Achievement and satisfaction in blended learning versus traditional general health course designs. Int. J. Scholarsh. Teach. Learn. 3, 1–13 (2009). https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2009.030126
Strayer, J.: The effects of the classroom flip on the learning environment: a comparison of learning activity in a traditional classroom and a flip classroom that used an intelligent tutoring system. Dissertation. The Ohio State University (2007)
Bergmann, J., Sams, A.: Flip Your Classroom: Reach Every Student in Every Class Every Day. International Society for Technology in Education, Alexandria (2012)
Tucker, B.: The flipped classroom. Educ. Next 12, 82–83 (2012)
Lage, M.J., Platt, G.J., Treglia, M.: Inverting the classroom: a gateway to creating an inclusive learning environment. J. Econ. Educ. 31, 30 (2000). https://doi.org/10.2307/1183338
Sonesson, L., Boffard, K., Lundberg, L., et al.: The potential of blended learning in education and training for advanced civilian and military trauma care. Injury 49, 93–96 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INJURY.2017.11.003
Whittaker, C.: A military blend. In: Tomlinson, B., Whittaker, C. (eds.) Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation, pp. 175–183. British Council, London (2013)
Tyler, K.M, Dolasky, K.C.: Educating warrior diplomats. Blended and unconventional learning for special operations forces. In: Blended Learning: Research Perspectives, pp. 235–248. Routledge, New York, London (2014)
Strayer, J.F.: How learning in an inverted classroom influences cooperation, innovation and task orientation. Learn. Environ. Res. 15, 171–193 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-012-9108-4
Marmah, A.A.: Students’ perception about the lecture as a method of teaching in tertiary institutions. Views of students from College of Technology Education, Kumasi (COLTEK). Int. J. Educ. Res. 2, 601–612 (2014)
Illeris, K.: Towards a contemporary and comprehensive theory of learning. Int. J. Lifelong Educ. 22, 396–406 (2003)
Illeris, K.: A comprehensive understanding of human learning. Contemporary Theories of Learning, pp. 1–14. Routledge, New York, London (2018)
Poscente, K.: The Three Dimensions of Learning: Contemporary Learning Theory in the Tension Field between the Cognitive, the Emotional and the Social (Author: Illeris, K.). Int. Rev. Res. Open. Distrib. Learn. 7 (2006). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v7i1.305
Illeris, K.: What do we actually mean by experiential learning? Hum. Resour. Dev. Rev. 6, 84–95 (2007)
Brown, D., Bell, B., Goldberg, B.: Authoring adaptive tutors for simulations in psychomotor skills domains. In: Proceedings of MODSIM World 2017. NTSA, Virginia Beach, VA (2017)
Gawlik-Kobylińska, M.: The four dimensional instructional design in the perspective of human-computer interactions. In: Petkov, N., Strisciuglio, N., Travieso-González, C.M. (eds.) Applications of Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of the 1st International APPIS Conference 2018, vol. 310. IOS Press, Amsterdam, Berlin, Washington DC (2018)
Bloom, B.S. (ed.): Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Cognitive Domain, vol. 1. David McKay, New York (1956)
Rovai, A.P., Wighting, M.J., Baker, J.D., Grooms, L.D.: Development of an instrument to measure perceived cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning in traditional and virtual classroom higher education settings. Internet High. Educ. 12, 7–13 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IHEDUC.2008.10.002
Kupisiewicz, C.: Dydaktyka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Impuls, Kraków (2012)
Świerszcz, K., Bożejewicz, W., Jędrzejko, M.: Człowiek w ponowoczesności - postęp czy zagrożenie? In: Jędrzejko, M., Malinowski, J.A. (eds.) Młode pokolenie w zderzeniu cywilizacyjnym. Studia – badania – praktyka. Toruń: AKAPIT (2014)
Świerszcz, K., Bożejewicz, W., Jędrzejko, M.: “Inżynieria społeczna” człowieka w epoce postmodernizmu i jej implikacje. In: Jędrzejko, M. (ed.) “Zwariowany” świat ponowoczesności. ASPRA-JR, Warszawa-Milanówek (2015)
Acknowledgement
Funding for the present work was supported by the Ministry of National Defense (Republic of Poland), Research Grant No. GB/4/2018/208/2018/DA (2018–2020).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gawlik-Kobylińska, M., Domalewska, D., Maciejewski, P. (2021). How to Motivate Students? The Four Dimensional Instructional Design Approach in a Non-core Blended Learning Course. In: Auer, M., May, D. (eds) Cross Reality and Data Science in Engineering. REV 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1231. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52575-0_64
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52575-0_64
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-52574-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-52575-0
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)