Abstract
Maxillofacial reconstruction covers a wide range of procedures from dentoalveolar defects to composite defects involving muscle, skin, and bone. Maxillofacial reconstruction continues to evolve on a daily basis. In this chapter, we cover the considerations and implications in addressing the various maxillofacial defects. We also cover the different reconstruction options for addressing of soft tissue, hard tissue, and composite defects.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Moreira-Gonzalez A, Papay FE, Zins JE. Calvarial thickness and its relation to cranial bone harvest. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117(6):1964–71.
Marx RE, Stevens MR. Atlas of oral and extraoral bone harvesting, vol. 1. Hanover Park: Quintessence Publishing Company; 2010.
Odili J, Wilson E, Chana JS. Muscle herniation: a complication at the anterolateral thigh perforator flap donor site. Br J Plast Surg. Elsevier. 2009;62(11):1530–3.
Agostini T, Lazzeri D, Spinelli G. Anterolateral thigh flap: systematic literature review of specific donor-site complications and their management. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. Elsevier. 2013;41(1):15–21.
Woo BM, Kim DD. Chapter 69 – Radial forearm free flap. In: Current therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery. St-Louis: Elsevier; 2012. p. 8.
Kademani D, Tiwana P. Atlas of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.
Yamashiro M, Hasegawa K, Uzawa N, Michi Y, Ishii J, Yoshitake H, et al. Complications and outcome of free flap transfers for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction: analysis of 213 cases. Oral Sci Int. 2009;6(1):46–54.
Fernandes R. Reconstruction of maxillary defects with the radial forearm free flap. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2007;15(1):7–12.
Jones BM, O’Brien CJ. Acute ischaemia of the hand resulting from elevation of a radial forearm flap. Br J Plast Surg. 1985;38(3):396–7.
Kaban LB, Pogrel MA, Perrott DH. Complications in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1997.
Miloro M, Kolokythas A. Management of complications in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Chichester: Wiley; 2012.
Salgado CJ, Chim H, Moran SL, Wei F-C, Mardini S. Chapter 52 – Fibula flap. In: Flaps and reconstructive surgery. 2nd ed. Edinburgh/New York: Elsevier; 2017. p. 5527.
Silvestri E, Muda A, Orlandi D. Ultrasound anatomy of lower limb muscles. Cham: Springer; 2014.
Betz LH, Betz BW. Peronea arteria magna. Pediatr Radiol. Springer-Verlag. 2009;39(9):1016.
Kim D, Orron DE, Skillman JJ. Surgical significance of popliteal arterial variants. A unified angiographic classification. Ann Surg. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. 1989;210(6):776–81.
Sabapathy SR. Chapter 25 – Vessels. In: Flaps and reconstructive surgery. 2nd ed. Edinburgh/New York: Elsevier; 2017. p. 2912.
Nakatsuka T, Harii K, Asato H, Takushima A, Ebihara S, Kimata Y, et al. Analytic review of 2372 free flap transfers for head and neck reconstruction following cancer resection. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2004;19(06):363–8.
Rimler J, Nguyen A, Evans GRD. 29 – Postoperative care. In: Flaps and reconstructive surgery. 2nd ed. Edinburgh/New York: Elsevier; 2017.
Casey J, Bellian K. Chapter 77 – Intubation and tracheotomy. In: ENT secrets. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2015.
Albergotti WG, Myers EN. 23 – Management of a tracheocutaneous fistula and depressed scar. In: Operative otolaryngology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2017. p. 1527.
Carlson ER. Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2003;15(4):1–11.
Wei WI, Wai CY. 34 – Pectoralis major flap. In: Flaps and reconstructive surgery. 2nd ed. Edinburgh/New York: Elsevier; 2017.
Kim B, Kaleem A, Zaid W. Case reports of two unusual donor site complications of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and literature review. J Am Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74(7):1504.e1–1504.e12.
Fernandes R. Chapter 11: The temporoparietal fascia flap. In: Local and regional flaps in head neck reconstruction: a practical approach. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2014. p. 75–91.
Cesteleyn L. The temporoparietal galea flap. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2003;15(4):537–50.
Moran SL, Santamaria E. 32 – Temporoparietal fascia flap. In: Flaps and reconstructive surgery. 2nd ed. Edinburgh/New York: Elsevier; 2017.
Fernandes R. Paramedian forehead flap. In: Local and regional flaps in head & neck reconstruction. Hoboken: Wiley; 2014. p. 13.
Oo K, Park S. The midline forehead flap in nasal reconstruction. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. Elsevier. 2011;19(1):141–55.
Fernandes R. Nasolabial flap. In: Local and regional flaps in head & neck reconstruction. Hoboken: Wiley; 2014. p. 9.
Braasch D, Lam D, Oh E. Maxillofacial reconstruction with nasolabial and facial artery musculomucosal flaps. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. Elsevier. 2014;26(3):327–33.
Baker SR. Chapter 12 – Melolabial flaps. In: Local flaps in facial reconstruction. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2014. p. 37.
Carucci JA. Melolabial flap repair in nasal reconstruction. Dermatol Clin. 2005;23(1):65–71, vi.
Ferrari S, Ferri A, Bianchi B, Contadini E, Leporati M, Sesenna E. Head and neck reconstruction using the superiorly based reversed-flow facial artery myomucosal flap. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;73(5):1008–15.
Pirgousis P, Fernandes R. Chapter 62 – Contemporary methods in tongue reconstruction. In: Current therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery. St-Louis: Elsevier; 2012. p. 8.
Strauss R, Kain N. Tongue flaps. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. Elsevier. 2014;26(3):313–25.
Buchbinder D, St-Hilaire H. Tongue flaps in maxillofacial surgery. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. Elsevier. 2003;15(4):475–86.
von Domarus H. The double-door tongue flap for total cheek mucosa defects. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1988;82(2):351–6.
Fernandes R. Chapter 14 – Submental island flap. In: Local and regional flaps in head & neck reconstruction: a practical approach. Hoboken: Wiley; 2014. 11 p.
Rahpeyma A, Khajehahmadi S. Submental artery island flap in intraoral reconstruction: a review. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. Elsevier. 2014;42(6):983–9.
Curran AJ, Neligan P, Gullane PJ. Submental artery island flap. Laryngoscope. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 1997;107(11):1545–9.
Salama A, Lam D. Chapter 8 – Maxillofacial reconstruction; 2015. p. 42.
Toshihiro Y, Nariai Y, Takamura Y, Yoshimura H, Tobita T, Yoshino A, et al. Applicability of buccal fat pad grafting for oral reconstruction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;42(5):604–10.
Cordero GB, Ferrer SM, Fernández L. Odontogenic sinusitis, oro-antral fistula and surgical repair by Bichat’s fat pad: literature review. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. SEGO. 2016;67(2):107–13.
Schlieve T, Kolokythas A. Anatomic considerations of the lips. In: Lip cancer. 7th ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 5–9.
Urbanek DE, Bailey JS. Reconstruction considerations based on size of defect. In: Lip cancer. 2nd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 59–78.
Renner GJ. Chapter 19 – Reconstruction of the lips. In: Local flaps in facial reconstruction. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2014. p. 49.
Fernandes R. Chapter 22 – Lip reconstruction. In: Local and regional flaps in head & neck reconstruction. Hoboken: Wiley; 2014. p. 20.
Seki J. Chapter 60 – Lip reconstruction. In: Plastic surgery secrets plus. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2010.
Kim B, Kim DD. Reconstruction of complex lip defects. In: Lip cancer. 1st ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 79–113.
Ramirez CA, Fernandes R. Microvascular lip reconstruction. In: Lip cancer. 6th ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 115–26.
Brown JS, Rogers SN, McNally DN, Boyle M. A modified classification for the maxillectomy defect. Head Neck. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2000;22(1):17–26.
Brown JS, Shaw RJ. Personal view reconstruction of the maxilla and midface: introducing a new classification. Lancet Oncol. Elsevier. 2010;11(10):1001–8.
Coughlin MJ, Saltzman CL, Medycyna RBA, Mann RA. Mann’s surgery of the foot and ankle. Amsterdam: W.B. Saunders; 2014.
Roden D. Chapter 223 – Cricothyroid catheter insertion, cricothyroidotomy, and tracheostomy. In: Pfenninger and Fowler’s procedures for primary care. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smart, R.J. et al. (2021). Reconstruction. In: Reti, R., Findlay, D. (eds) Oral Board Review for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48880-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48880-2_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-48879-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-48880-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)