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Long Noncoding RNAs as Drivers of Acquired Chemoresistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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The Chemical Biology of Long Noncoding RNAs

Part of the book series: RNA Technologies ((RNATECHN,volume 11))

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. While recent improvements in the clinical management of HCC have yielded more favorable outcomes for patients, five-year survival rates for these individuals remain poor. Effective treatment of HCC is complicated by a complex disease etiology, significant intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity, the frequent absence of early-stage symptoms, and a high potential for metastasis. HCC is highly refractory to chemotherapy, largely due to the acquisition of multidrug resistance, which limits effective pharmacological treatments for HCC patients. While the mechanisms underlying the development of chemoresistance in HCC are diverse, a number of recent studies have positioned long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as key participants in the process. Here, we provide an overview of HCC and the obstacles posed by acquired chemoresistance and summarize the empirical evidence supporting a role for lncRNAs in the development of acquired resistance, focusing on the specific molecular mechanisms by which these molecules attenuate chemosensitivity. We also discuss the contribution of extracellular vesicles as mediators of lncRNA-induced chemoresistance. Although newly emerging, the literature has already yielded important insights into the complex mechanisms by which lncRNAs modulate chemoresistance in HCC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetes and Fibrotic Disease Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Johanna K. DiStefano

  2. Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

    Caecilia Sukowati

  3. Italian Liver Foundation, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy

    Caecilia Sukowati

Authors
  1. Johanna K. DiStefano
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  2. Caecilia Sukowati
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Correspondence to Johanna K. DiStefano .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nanobiomedical Center of the Adam Mickiewicz University,, Poznań, Poland

    Stefan Jurga

  2. Nanobiomedical Center of the Adam Mickiewicz University,, Poznań, Poland

    Jan Barciszewski

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DiStefano, J.K., Sukowati, C. (2020). Long Noncoding RNAs as Drivers of Acquired Chemoresistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In: Jurga, S., Barciszewski, J. (eds) The Chemical Biology of Long Noncoding RNAs. RNA Technologies, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44743-4_8

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