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Chemical Mediation of Antarctic Macroalga-Grazer Interactions

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Antarctic Seaweeds

Abstract

Macroalgal forests along the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) support dense assemblages of small macroalgal-associated invertebrates, particularly amphipods but also others including gastropods. Most of the macroalgal species, including all the larger, ecologically dominant brown macroalgae, elaborate chemical defenses against herbivory to amphipods as well as fish and sea stars. Consequently, the vast majority of the macroalgal biomass in these forests is unpalatable to potential consumers. A great deal of progress has been made on understanding these relationships during the past decade. Although the macroalgae are seldom consumed by the associated invertebrates and fish, many of the invertebrates, particularly the amphipods, benefit from associating with the chemically defended macroalgae because omnivorous fish avoid feeding on them. The amphipods benefit their macroalgal hosts by greatly reducing biofouling by diatoms and other epiphytic algae. This chapter reviews progress in understanding the chemical defenses of Antarctic macroalgae. It also reviews the community-wide mutualistic interaction between macroalgae and its associated amphipods as well as recent studies examining the extent to which this mutualistic interaction also occurs with macroalgal-associated gastropods.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This entity is genetically distinct from P. cartilagineum found elsewhere and certainly represents a separate species, but to date, no formal alternative name has been proposed (Hommersand et al. 2009).

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to all our Antarctic field team members over the years, in particular to M. Amsler who also provided constructive comments on an earlier version of this chapter. The original version of this chapter also benefited from the constructive comments of Martin Thiel and an anonymous reviewer. Our Antarctic chemical ecology research has been generously supported by numerous awards from the NSF Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystem program, most recently by PLR-1341333 (CDA, JBM) and PLR-1341339 (BJB).

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  1. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Charles D. Amsler & James B. McClintock

  2. University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Bill J. Baker

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  1. Charles D. Amsler
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  2. James B. McClintock
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  3. Bill J. Baker
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Correspondence to Charles D. Amsler .

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  1. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile, Research Center Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems, (IDEAL) Valdivia, Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Iván Gómez

  2. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

    Pirjo Huovinen

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Amsler, C.D., McClintock, J.B., Baker, B.J. (2020). Chemical Mediation of Antarctic Macroalga-Grazer Interactions. In: Gómez, I., Huovinen, P. (eds) Antarctic Seaweeds. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39448-6_17

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