Abstract
Of the 180,000 children (0–15 years of age) living with HIV in 2017, only 52% were accessing antiretroviral therapy, leaving approximately 90,000 infants and children who, for various reasons, were not receiving ART. Widespread rollout of ART, even in developing countries, has significantly changed the clinical manifestations of pediatric HIV infection. Children who are initiated on ART from birth do not present with the classical signs and symptoms of HIV infection. Early access to ART impacts favourably on growth and neurodevelopment and leads to fewer opportunistic infections. A new group of infants has emerged as a result of women taking ART both before and during pregnancy. These are infants born to HIV infected women, but who do not become infected with the virus, despite being exposed. They are referred to as infants who are HIV exposed, but uninfected (HEU). This chapter focuses on those HIV infected infants and children not receiving ART.
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Bobat, R. (2020). Clinical Manifestations. In: Bobat, R. (eds) HIV Infection in Children and Adolescents. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35433-6_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35433-6_4
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