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Oil Vulnerability Index, Impact on Arctic Bird Populations (Proposing a Method for Calculating an Oil Vulnerability Index for the Arctic Seabirds)

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Arctic Marine Sustainability

Part of the book series: Springer Polar Sciences ((SPPS))

Abstract

In recent decades, political and commercial interest in the Arctic’s resources has increased dramatically. With the projected increase in shipping activity and hydrocarbon extraction, there is an increased risk to marine habitats and organisms. This comes with concomitant threats to the fragile Arctic environment especially from oil, whether from shipping accidents, pipeline leaks, or sub-surface well blowouts. Seabirds are among the most threatened group of birds, and the main threats to these species at-sea are commercial fishing and pollution. Seabirds are vulnerable to oil pollution, which can result in mass mortality events. Species are affected to a differing extent, therefore it is important to objectively predict which species are most at risk from oil spills and where. Assessing the vulnerability of seabirds to oil is achieved through establishing an index for the sensitivity of seabirds to oil – Oil Vulnerability Index (OVI). This incorporates spatial information on the distribution and density of birds as well as on species specific behaviours and other life history characteristics. This chapter focuses on the threat of oil to seabirds, especially in the Arctic, and how an OVI can be used to highlight which species are most at risk and where within the Arctic region.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all the participants of the seabird and oil workshop held in Inverness, September 2017 where we discussed the benefits and limitations of expanding the UK’s SOSI approach to the wider eastern North Atlantic region. The ERDF Interreg VB Northern Periphery and Arctic (NPA) Programme funded this activity through the APP4SEA project. Comments from anonymous reviewers improved this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College UHI, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, UK

    Nina J. O’Hanlon, Alexander L. Bond, Neil A. James & Elizabeth A. Masden

  2. Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Tring, UK

    Alexander L. Bond

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  1. Nina J. O’Hanlon
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Correspondence to Nina J. O’Hanlon .

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  1. Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Eva Pongrácz

  2. Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Victor Pavlov

  3. Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Niko Hänninen

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O’Hanlon, N.J., Bond, A.L., James, N.A., Masden, E.A. (2020). Oil Vulnerability Index, Impact on Arctic Bird Populations (Proposing a Method for Calculating an Oil Vulnerability Index for the Arctic Seabirds). In: Pongrácz, E., Pavlov, V., Hänninen, N. (eds) Arctic Marine Sustainability. Springer Polar Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28404-6_4

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