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Epidemiology and Risk Factors

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Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Abstract

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver cancer, with a reportedly rising incidence.

Methods: A literature review was conducted on the epidemiology and risk factors worldwide. Results: The reported rising incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma likely reflects a true increase in the disease, as well as misclassification by cancer registries due to vagaries in coding. Most patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma do not harbor a recognized risk factor. The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is higher in parts of Asia due to endemic liver fluke infection and hepatolithiasis. In the West, obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are increasingly recognized risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Other risk factors shared in common with hepatocellular carcinoma include viral hepatitis, alcohol, and cirrhosis.

Conclusions: The prevalence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma varies worldwide due to differences in environmental, socioeconomic, and potentially modifiable lifestyle risk factors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Riham Katkhuda

  2. Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Yun Shin Chun

Authors
  1. Riham Katkhuda
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  2. Yun Shin Chun
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Correspondence to Yun Shin Chun .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Timothy M. Pawlik

  2. Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Jordan M. Cloyd

  3. Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Mary Dillhoff

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Katkhuda, R., Chun, Y.S. (2019). Epidemiology and Risk Factors. In: Pawlik, T., Cloyd, J., Dillhoff, M. (eds) Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22258-1_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22258-1_1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-22257-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-22258-1

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