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Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

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Textbook of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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Abstract

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) derived from gastrointestinal organs comprise a biologically and clinically diverse group of cancers. Though considered “rare,” their incidence is increasing due in large part to the increase in use of cross-sectional imaging and endoscopies. With longer survival times compared with adenocarcinomas, the prevalence of NETs in the United States is greater than that of gastric, esophageal, and pancreas cancers combined. The vast majority of NETs express somatostatin receptors, which can be targets for therapy with somatostatin analogs. When linked to radionuclides, somatostatin analogs can also be used for molecular imaging and radiation therapy. Other targeted therapies, such as inhibitors of angiogenesis and mTOR, also play a role in the management of advanced NETs. Cytotoxic chemotherapy can be effective particularly in pancreatic NETs. Treatment decisions hinge on the tissue of origin, grade, and differentiation of the tumor, the stage and site(s) of involvement, and whether the patient is asymptomatic or has symptoms associated with tumor mass effect or syndromes associated with the release of bioactive amines secreted by the tumor cells. Multidisciplinary input is essential in optimal management of this heterogeneous NET patient population.

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  1. Department of Medical Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    George A. Fisher

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    Suayib Yalcin

  2. Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA

    Philip A. Philip

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Fisher, G.A. (2019). Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. In: Yalcin, S., Philip, P. (eds) Textbook of Gastrointestinal Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18890-0_16

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