Skip to main content

Macromolecular Delivery Across the Blood–Brain Barrier

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Macromolecular Drug Delivery

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 480))

Summary

The delivery of macromolecules into the central nervous system (CNS) via the blood stream is seriously limited by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Noninvasive, transient, and local image-guided blood–brain barrier disruption (BBBD) can be accomplished using focused ultrasound exposure with intravascular injection of pre-formed microbubbles. A detailed description of the method for MRI-guided focal BBBD in animals will be described in this chapter. The method may open a new era in CNS macromolecular drug delivery.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Abbott, N.J., and Romero, I.A. (1996) Transporting therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier. Mol. Med. Today 2,106–113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kroll, R.A., and Neuwelt, E.A. (1998) Outwitting the blood-brain barrier for therapeutic purposes: osmotic opening and other means. Neurosurgery 42,1083–1099.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Pardridge, W.M. (2002) Drug and gene delivery to the brain: the vascular route. Neuron 36,555–558.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Nag, S. (2003) Morphology and molecular properties of cellular components of normal cerebral vessels. Methods Mol. Med. 89,3–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Muldoon, L.L., Pagel, M.A., Kroll, R.A., Roman-Goldstein, S., Jones, R.S., and Neuwelt, E.A. (1999) A physiological barrier distal to the anatomic blood-brain barrier in a model of transvascular delivery [see comments]. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 20,217–222.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Doolittle, N.D., Miner, M.E., Hall, W.A., Siegal, T., Jerome, E., Osztie, E., McAllister, L.D., Bubalo, J.S., Kraemer, D.F., Fortin, D., Nixon, R., Muldoon, L.L., and Neuwelt, E.A. (2000) Safety and efficacy of a multicenter study using intraarterial chemotherapy in conjunction with osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier for the treatment of patients with malignant brain tumors. Cancer 88,637–647.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hynynen, K., McDannold, N., Vykhodtseva, N., and Jolesz, F.A. (2001) Noninvasive MR imaging-guided focal opening of the blood-brain barrier in rabbits. Radiology 220,640–646.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hynynen, K., McDannold, N., Sheikov, N.A., Jolesz, F.A., and Vykhodtseva, N. (2005) Local and reversible blood-brain barrier disruption by noninvasive focused ultrasound at frequencies suitable for trans-skull sonications. Neuroimage 24,12–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hynynen, K., McDannold, N., Vykhodtseva, N., Raymond, S., Weissleder, R., Jolesz, F.A., and Sheikov, N. (2006) Focal disruption of the blood-brain barrier due to 260-kHz ultrasound bursts: a method for molecular imaging and targeted drug delivery. J. Neurosurg. 105,445–454.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sheikov, N., McDannold, N., Vykhodtseva, N., Jolesz, F., and Hynynen, K. (2004) Cellular mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier opening induced by ultrasound in presence of microbubbles. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 30,979–989.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Sheikov, N., McDannold, N., Jolesz, F., Zhang, Y.Z., Tam, K., and Hynynen, K. (2006) Brain arterioles show more active vesicular transport of blood-borne tracer molecules than capillaries and venules after focused ultrasound-evoked opening of the blood-brain barrier. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 32,1399–1409.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kinoshita, M., McDannold, N., Jolesz, F.A., and Hynynen, K. (2006) Targeted delivery of antibodies through the blood-brain barrier by MRI-guided focused ultrasound. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 340,1085–1090.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kinoshita, M., McDannold, N., Jolesz, F.A., and Hynynen, K. (2006) Noninvasive localized delivery of Herceptin to the mouse brain by MRI-guided focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier disruption. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103,11719–11723.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Treat, L.H., McDannold, N., Vykhodtseva, N., Zhang, Y., Tam, K., and Hynynen, K. (2007) Targeted delivery of doxorubicin to the rat brain at therapeutic levels using MRI-guided focused ultrasound. Int. J. Cancer 121,901–907.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Choi, J.J., Pernot, M., Small, S.A., and Konofagou, E.E. (2007) Noninvasive, transcranial and localized opening of the blood-brain barrier using focused ultrasound in mice. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 33,95–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Yang, F.Y., Fu, W.M., Yang, R.S., Liou, H.C., Kang, K.H., and Lin, W.L. (2007) Quantitative evaluation of the use of microbubbles with transcranial focused ultrasound on blood-brain-barrier disruption. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 33,1421–1427.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hynynen, K., Clement, G.T., McDannold, N., Vykhodtseva, N., King, R., White, P.J., Vitek, S., and Jolesz, F.A. (2004) 500-element ultrasound phased array system for noninvasive focal surgery of the brain: A preliminary rabbit study with ex vivo human skulls. Magn. Reson. Med. 52,100–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. McDannold, N., Vykhodtseva, N., and Hynynen, K. (2007) Use of ultrasound pulses combined with definity for targeted blood-brain barrier disruption: a feasibility study. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 33,584–590.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hynynen, K., Darkazanli, A., Unger, E., and Schenck, J.F. (1993) MRI-guided noninvasive ultrasound surgery. Med. Phys. 20,107–115.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hynynen, K., Vykhodtseva, N.I., Chung, A., Sorrentino, V., Colucci, V., and Jolesz, F.A. (1997) Thermal effects of focused ultrasound on the brain: determination with MR Imaging. Radiology 204,247–253.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Cline, H.E., Hynynen, K., Watkins, R.D., Adams, W.J., Schenck, J.F., Ettinger, R.H., Freund, W.R., Vetro, J.P., and Jolesz, F.A. (1995) A focused ultrasound system for MRI guided ablation. Radiology 194,731–737.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Goss, S.A., Johnson, R.L., and Dunn, F. (1978) Comprehensive compilation of empirical ultrasonic properties of mammalian tissues. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64,423–457.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Goss, S.A., Johnson, R.L., and Dunn, F. (1980) Compilation of empirical ultrasonic properties of mammalian tissues. II. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68,93–108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Cline, H.E., Schenck, J.F., Watkins, R.D., Hynynen, K., and Jolesz, F.A. (1993) Magnetic resonance guided thermal surgery. Magn. Reson. Med. 31,628–636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Sources of support: NIH (grant numbers EB00705 and EB003268), and the Terry Fox Foundation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Hynynen, K. (2009). Macromolecular Delivery Across the Blood–Brain Barrier. In: Belting, M. (eds) Macromolecular Drug Delivery. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 480. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-429-2_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-429-2_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-999-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-429-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics