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Augmentation of Cell-Mediated Immunity to Virus

  • Chapter
Cellular Drug Delivery

Abstract

Although most infections due to self-replicating pathogens such as bacteria and fungi can be treated by drug therapy and cleared by subsequent host antibody responses, viral infection may require additional defense mechanisms known as cell-mediated immunity. Unlike bacteria and fungi, virus replication requires host-cell machinery, including mechanisms of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Therefore, after initial viral infection of host cells and tissues, viral RNA or DNA may persist in infected but viable cells. At an opportune time, viral replication is initiated, and the infected host cells are lysed and viral progeny released. These processes are observed clinically as an active, or recurring, viral infection and pathogenesis in the host. Although antibody, or humoral, responses elicited during the first exposure (primary infection) may help clear the reactivated virus, such mechanisms may develop well after severe consequences to the host have occurred. Therefore, it is important to control viral reactivation by selectively eliminating virus-infected cells, which is a specialized function of cell-mediated immunity. In order to elicit a cell-mediated response, select fragments of viral antigens must be presented on the surface of infected cells, along with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. MHC molecules are polymorphic glycoproteins that bind antigen and mediate migration of the antigen to the cell surface to be presented to immune cells. The induction of cell-mediated responses, which can directly or indirectly kill virus-infected cells, is critical in clearing viral infection from the body.

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Authors
  1. Erica L. Woodahl
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  2. Rodney J. Y. Ho
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    D. Robert Lu PhD

  2. College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Svein Øie PhD

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Woodahl, E.L., Ho, R.J.Y. (2004). Augmentation of Cell-Mediated Immunity to Virus. In: Lu, D.R., Øie, S. (eds) Cellular Drug Delivery. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-745-1_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-745-1_4

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

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