Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Adaptiveness and Ecology of Echolocation in Toothed Whales

  • Chapter
Animal Sonar Systems

Part of the book series: NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series ((ASIAS,volume 28))

Abstract

Of all aquatic animals only odontocete cetaceans are known to have a well developed sonar system. While certain other marine vertebrates will be discussed briefly in the latter part of this review, we are primarily concerned with the toothed whales.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abramov, A. P., E. Sh. Ayrapet’yantz, V. I. Burdin, A. G. Golubkov, I. V. Ershova, A. R. Zhezherin, V. I. Korolev, Yu. A. Malyshev, G. K. Ul’yanov, and V. B. Fradkin 1971 Investigations of the dolphin’s capabilities to differentiate volumetric targets according to their linear dimensions and material. Proceedings of the 8th All-Union Acoustical Conference, p. 3. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexeyeva, T. V., A. G. Golubkov, and I. V. Ershova 1971 On the problem of the active width of the spectrum of dolphins’ echolocation signals. Trudy Akusticheskogo Instituta 17:99–103. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, S. 1970 Auditory-sensitivity of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena. In: Investigations of Cetacea, G. Pileri, Ed. Vol. 2, pp. 255–258. University of Berne, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Au, W. W. L., R. W. Floyd, R. H. Penner, and A. E. Murchison 1974 Measurement of echolocation signals in the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus Montagu, in open waters. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56.(4): 1280–1290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Au, W. W. L., R. W. Floyd, and J. E. Haun 1978 Propagation of Atlantic bottlenose dolphin echolocation signals. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64:411–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayrapet’yantz, E. Sh., A. G. Golubkov, I. V. Ershova, A. R. Zhezherin, V. N. Zvorykin, and V. I. Korolev 1969 Echolocation differentiation and properties of the emitted sounds of dolphins. Doklady Academii Nauka 188(5):1197–1199. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Babkin, V. P., and N. A. Dubrovsky 1971 Range and noise resistance of the bottlenosed dolphin echolocator during detection of various targets. Trudy Akusticheskogo Instituta 17:29–42. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Babkin, V. P., N. A. Dubrovsky, P. S. Krasnov, and A. A. Titov 1971 Material discrimination in spherical targets by the bottlenosed dolphin. Proceedings of the 8th All-Union Acoustical Conference, p. 5. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bastian, J. R. 1967 The transmission of arbitrary environmental information between bottlenose dolphins. In: Animal Sonar Systems: Biology and Bionics, R.-G. Busnel, Ed. Vol. II, pp. 803–873. Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bel’kovich, V. M, 1970 Mechanism of sound generation in Cetacea. In: Ekholocatsiya v Prirode, Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 297–310. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bel’kovich, V. M., V. I. Borisov, V. S. Gurevich, and N. L. Krushinskaya 1969 The ability of echolocation in Delphinus delphis. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 48(6): 876–884. JPRS 48780.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bel’kovich, V. M., V. I. Borisov, V. S. Gurevich, and N. L. Krushinskaya 1969 Echolocational capabilities of the common dolphin (D. delphis). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 48(6): 876–883. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bel’kovich, V. M., and V. I. Borisov 1971 Echolocational discrimination of the complex target by dolphins. Trudy Akusticheskogo Instituta 17: 19–23. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bel’kovich, V. M., V. I. Borisov, V. S. Gurevich, N. L. Krushinskaya, and I. L. Dmitrieva 1972 Echolocation discrimination of distance between the targets (angular resolution) by dolphins. Proceedings of the Abstracts of the 5th All-Union Conference on Marine Mammals, Makhachkala, Part 2:30–33. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bel’kovich, V. M. and A. E. Resnikov 1971 New in dolphin echolocation. Priroda 7: 71–75. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, M. V. O. 1971 Sensory systems and electric organs. In: Fish Physiology, Vol. 5, W. S. Hoar and D. J. Randall, Eds. Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berzin, A. A. 1971 The Sperm Whale. Pacific Scientific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (USSR). Trans, by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, publ. by U. S. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 393 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Busnel, R.-G., A. Dziedzic, and S. Andersen 1965 Seuils de perception du systeme sonar du Marsouin, Phocoena phocoena en fonction du diametre d’un obstacle filiforme. Comptes Rendu des Seances de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 260(1):295–297.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Busnel, R.-G., Ed. 1967 Animal Sonar Systems: Biology and Bionics. Two volumes. Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, Jouy-en-Josas-78, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Busnel, R.-G. and A. Dziedzic 1967 Resultats metrologiques experimentaux de l’echolocation chez le Phocoena phocoena, et leur comparaison avec ceux de certaines chauves-souris. In: Animal Sonar Systems: Biology and Bionics, R.-G. Busnel, Ed. Vol. I, pp. 307–335. Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, Jouy-en-Josas-78, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, D. K. and M. C. Caldwell 1965 Individualized whistle contours in bottlenose dolphins. Nature 207:434–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, D. K., M. C. Caldwell, and D. W. Rice 1966 Behavior of the sperm whale, Physeter catodon L. In: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises, K. N. Norris, Ed. Univ. of California Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, D. K., J. H. Prescott, and M. C. Caldwell 1966 Production of pulsed sounds by the pygmy sperm whale, Kogia brevioeps. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 65(4): 246–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, M. C., N. R. Hall, and D. K. Caldwell 1971 Ability of an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin to discriminate between, and potentially identify to individual, the whistles of another species, the spotted dolphin. Cetology No. 6, 6 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, D. K. and M. C. Caldwell 1972 Senses and communication. In: Mammals of the Sea: Biology and Medicine, S. H. Ridgway, Ed. pp. 466–502. Chas. C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diercks, K. J., R. T. Trochta, C. F. Greenlaw, and W. E. Evans 1971 Recording and analysis of dolphin echolocation signals. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am. 49(6, pt. 1):1729–1732.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diercks, K. J., R. T. Trochta, W. E. Evans 1973 Delphinid sonar; measurement and analysis. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54:200–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dmitrieva, I. L., N. L. Krushinskaya, V. M. Bel’kovich, and A. V. Shurkhal 1972 Echolocational discrimination of the shape of different subjects by dolphins. Proceedings of the Abstracts of the 5th All-Union Conference on Marine Mammals, Makhachkala, Part 2:76–80. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubrovsky, N. A., P. S. Krasnov, and A. A. Titov 1970 On the problem of emitting ultrasonic echolocational signals by harbor porpoise (Ph. phocoena). Akusticheskii Zhurnal 4:521–525. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubrovsky, N. A. and P. S. Krasnov 1971 Discrimination of the solid spheres according to their materials and dimensions by the bottlenosed dolphin (T. truncatus). Trudy Akusticheskogo Instituta 17:9–18. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubrovsky, N. A., P. S. Krasnov, A. A. Titov 1971 On the emission of ultrasound echolocation signals by the Azov Sea harbor porpoise. Akist. Zh. 16:521–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubrovsky, N. A., P. S. Krasnov, A. A. Titov 1971 On the emission of ultrasound echolocation signals by the Azov Sea harbor porpoise. Sov. Phys.-Acoust. 16:444–447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubrovsky, N. A. and G. L. Zaslavsky 1973 Temporal structure and directivity of sound emission by the bottlenosed dolphin. Proceedings of the 8th All-Union Acoustical Conference pp. 56–59. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, J. F. and D. E. Wilson 1978 Relative brain size and feeding strategies in the Chiroptera. Evolution 32:740–751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, W. E. 1973 Echolocation by marine delphinids and one species of fresh-water dolphin. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54(1):191–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, W. E. and J. H. Prescott 1962 Observations of the sound production capabilities of the bottlenose porpoise: A study of whistles and clicks. Zoologica 47:121–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, W. E. and Ruth Haugen 1963 An experimental study of the echolocation ability of the California sea lion Zalophus aalifornianus (Lesson). Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 62:165–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, W. E. and B. A. Powell 1967 Discrimination of different metallic plates by an echolocating delphinid. In: Animal Sonar Systems: Biology and Bionics, R.-G. Busnel, Ed. Vol I, pp. 363–383. Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, Jouy-en-Josas-78, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, W. E. and J. Bastian 1969 Marine mammal communication: social and ecological factors. In: The Biology of Marine Mammals, H. T. Andersen, Ed. pp. 425–475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fadeeva, L. M. 1973 Discrimination of spheres with various echosignal structure by dolphins. Proceedings of the 8th All-Union Conference on Marine Mammals Part 1, p. 134. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleischer, Gerald 1976 Hearing in extinct cetaceans as determined by cochlear structure. Jour. Paleon. 50(1): 133–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleischer, Gerald 1978 Evolutionary principles of the mammalian middle ear. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology, and Cell Biology, Vol. 55, Fasc. 5, 70 pp.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ford, J. K. B. and H. D. Fisher 1978 Underwater acoustic signals of the narwhal (Monodon monoceras). Canadian Jour. Zool. 56:552–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golubkov, A. G. and Yu. V. Ivanenko 1970 Study of the range resolution ability of the dolphin’s echolocator. Proceedings of the 23rd scientific-technical conference of LIAP p. 65. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Golubkov, A. G., I. V. Ershova, I. V. Korolev, and Yu. A. Malyshev 1972 On energetical parameters of the Black Sea bottlenosed dolphin echólocational apparatus. Trudy LIAP 76:9–12. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruenberger, H. B. 1970 On the cerebral anatomy of the Amazon dolphin, Inia geoffrensis. In: Investigations on Cetacea V.II G. Pilleri, Ed. University of Berne, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurevich, V. S. 1969 On ability of the common dolphin (D. delphinus) to discriminate geometrical targets by means of echolocation. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universita 3:109–112. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurevich, V. S. and W. E. Evans 1976 Echolocation discrimination of complex planar targets by the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60(Suppl. 1)S5–S6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. D. and C. S. Johnson 1971 Auditory thresholds of a killer whale Orcinus orca Linnaeus. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am. 51(2):515–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, R. J. and J. E. King 1965 Marine Mammals. Hutchinson University Library, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herald, E. S., R. L. Brownell Jr., F. L. Frye, E. J. Morris, W. E. Evans and A. B. Scott 1969 Blind river dolphin: First side-swimming cetacean. Science 166:1408–1410.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hickling, R. 1962 Analysis of echoes from a solid elastic sphere in water. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34(10):1582–1592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hockett, C. F. 1973 Man’s Place in Nature. McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockett, C. F. 1978 In search of Jove’s brow. American Speech 53(4):243–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irvine, L. 1939 Respiration in diving mammals. Physiol. Rev. 19:112–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jerison, H. J. 1973 Evolution of the Brain and Intelligence. Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karol, R., C. Litchfield, D. K. Caldwell, and M. C. Caldwell 1978 Compositional topography of the melon and spermaceti organ lipids in the pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps: Implications for echolocation. Mar. Biol. 47:115–123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, Remington 1928 The history of whales. Quart. Rev. Biol. 3:29–76, 174–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, W. N. 1953 Ultrasonic hearing in the porpoise, Tursiops truncatus. Jour. Comp, and Physiol. Psych. 46(6):446–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, W. N. 1958 Echo ranging in the porpoise. Science 128:982–988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, W. N. 1961 Porpoises and Sonar. Univ. Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, W. N. and R. Kohler 1952 Reactions of the porpoise to ultrasonic frequencies. Science 116(3018):250–252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, W. N., R. Kohler, and H. N. Morris 1953 Porpoise sounds as sonar signals. Science 117:239–243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korolev, L. D., N. V. Lipatov, R. N. Resvov, M. A. Savel’ev, and A. B. Flenov 1973 Investigation of the spatial directivity diagram of the dolphin sound emitter. Proceedings of the 8th All-Union Acoustical Conference 1:33. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruger, Lawrence 1966 Specialized features of the cetacean brain. In: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises, K. S. Norris, Ed., pp. 232–252. Univ. of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ladygina, T. F. and A. Ya. Supin 1977 Localization of sensory projection zones in the cerebral cortex of the bottlenosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. Zurnal Evolyutsionnoy Biokhimii i Fiziologii No. 6, pp. 712–718. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Layne, J. N. 1958 Observations on freshwater dolphins in the Upper Amazon. Jour. Mamm. 39(1):1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lilly, J. C. 1961 Man and Dolphin. Doubleday and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilly, J. C. 1963 Critical brain size and language. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 6:246–255.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lilly, J. C. 1967 The Mind of the Dolphin. Doubleday and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilly, J. C. 1978 Dolphin and the law. Ltr. to the Honolulu (Hawaii) Advertiser, 31 January

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilly, J. C. and A. M. Miller 1961a Vocal exchanges between dolphins. Science 134(3493):1873–1876.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lilly, J. C. and A. M. Miller 1961b Sounds emitted by the bottlenose dolphin. Science 133(3465): 1689–1693.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lissmann, H. W. 1958 On the function and evolution of electric organs in fish. Jour. Exp. Biol. 35:156–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • McBride, A. F. 1956 Evidence for echolocation in cetaceans. Deep Sea Research 3:153–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McBride, A. F. and H. Kritzler 1951 Observations on pregnancy, parturition, and postnatal behavior in the bottlenose dolphin. Jour. Mamm. 32:251–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, G. S., Jr. 1923 The telescoping of the cetacean skull. Smithsonian Misc. Collections 76(5):1–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Møhl, B. and S. Andersen 1973 Echolocation: high frequency component in the click of the harbour porpoise. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54(5):1368–1372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moller, P. and R. Bauer 1973 “Communication” in weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae). Interaction of electric organ discharge activities of two fish. Animal Behavior 21.(3): 501–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. C. 1968 Relationships among the living genera of beaked whales. Fieldiana:Zoology 53(4):209–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgane, P. J. and N. S. Jacobs 1972 Comparative anatomy of the cetacean nervous system. In: Functional Anatomy of Marine Mammals, R. J. Harrison, Ed., Vol. 1, pp. 117–244. Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, K. S. 1968 The evolution of acoustic mechanisms in odontocete cetaceans. In: Evolution and Environment, E. T. Drake, Ed., pp. 297–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, K. S. 1969 The echolocation of marine mammals, In: The Biology of Marine Mammals, S. Andersen Ed., pp. 391–423. Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, K. S., J. H. Prescott, P. V. Asa-Dorian 1961 An experimental demonstration of echolocation behavior in the porpoise, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu). Biol. Bull. 20(2):163–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norris, K. S. and G. W. Harvey 1972 A theory for the function of the spermaceti organ of the sperm whale. In.: Animal Orientation and Navigation, S. R. Galler et al., Eds., National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, K. S. and W. E. Evans 1967 Directionality of echoloca-tion clicks in the rough-tooth porpoise, Steno bredanensis (Lesson). In: Marine Bioacoustics, Vol. 2, W. N. Tavolga, Ed., pp. 305–314. Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, K. S., W. E. Evans, and R. N. Turner 1967 Echolocation in an Atlantic bottlenose porpoise during discrimination. In: Animal Sonar Systems: Biology and Bionics, R.-G. Busnel, Ed., Vol. I, pp. 409–437. Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, Jouy-en-Josas-78, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Payne, R. S. and S. McVay 1971 Songs of humpback whales. Science 173(3997):585–597.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penner, R. H. and A. E. Murchison 1970 Experimentally demonstrated echolocation in the Amazon River porpoise, Inia geoffrensis (Blainville). Naval Undersea Center (San Diego, Calif.) Technical Publication 187, Rev. 1, 26 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilleri, G. and M. Gihr 1970 Brain-body weight ratio of Platanista gangetica. In: Investigations of Cetacea, Vol. II, G. Pilleri, Ed., University of Berne, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulter, T. C. 1963 Sonar signals of the sea lion. Science 139:753–755.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poulter, T. C. 1967 Systems of echolocation. In: Animal Sonar Systems: Biology and Bionics, R.-G. Busnel, Ed., Vol. I, pp. 157–183. Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, Jouy-en-Josas-78, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven, H. C. and W. K. Gregory 1933 The spermaceti organ and nasal passages of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon) and other odontocetes. Am. Mus. Novitates No. 677, 18 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resvov, R. N., Ya. A. Savel’ev, and A. B. Flenov 1973 The study of dolphin’s echolocator ability in detection of different targets, difference in range, and angle on vertical and horizontal planes. Proceedings of the 8th All-Union Acoustical Conference Part 1:134–135. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice, D. W. 1978 Beaked whales. In: Marine Mammals, Delphine Haley, Ed., pp. 89–95. Pacific Search Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridgway, S. H., N. J. Flanagan, and J. G. McCormick 1976 Brain-spinal cord ratios in porpoises: possible correlation with intelligence and ecology. Psychon. Sci. 6:491–492.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridgway, S. H. and R. W. Brownson 1979 Relative brain sizes and cortical surface areas in odontocetes. In preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schenkkan, E. J. 1973 On the comparative anatomy and function of the nasal tract in odontocetes (Mammalia, Cetacea). Bijdragen Tot de Dierkunde 43(3):127–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schenkkan, E. J. and P. E. Purves 1973 The comparative anatomy of the nasal tract and the function of the spermaceti organ in the Physeteridae (Mammalia, Odontoceti). Bijdragen Tot de Dierkunde 43(1):93–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schevill, W. E. 1964 Underwater sounds of cetaceans. In: Marine Bio-Acoustics, W. N. Tavolga, Ed., pp. 307–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schevill, W. E. and B. Lawrence 1953 Auditory responses of a bottlenose porpoise Tursiops truncatus to frequencies above 100 kHz. Jour. Exp. Zool. 124(1): 147–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schevill, W. E., W. A. Watkins, and C. Raye 1963 Underwater sounds of pinnipeds. Science 141:50–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schevill, W. E. and B. Lawrence 1965 Food-finding by a captive porpoise, Tursiops truncatus, Breviora 53:1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schevill, W. E., W. A. Watkins, and C. Ray 1969 Click structure in the porpoise, Phocoena phocoena. Jour. Mamm. 50(4):721–728.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schusterman, R. J. 1966 Underwater click vocalization by a California sea lion: Effects of visibility. Psych. Rec. 16:129–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sergeant, D. E. 1978 Ecological isolation in some cetacea. In: Recent Advances in the Study of Whales and Seals, A. N. Severtsov, Ed., Nauka, Moskow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slijper, E. J. 1962 Whales. Basic Books, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tavolga, W. N. 1977 Mechanisms for directional hearing in the sea catfish (Arius felis). Jour. Exp. Biol. 67:97–115.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tavolga, M. C. and F. S. Essapian 1957 The behavior of the bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): Mating, pregnancy, parturition, and mother-infant behavior. Zoologica 42, Part I, pp. 11–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Titov, A. A. 1972 Investigation of the sound activities and peculiarities of the Black Sea dolphin’s echolocator. Ph.D. Thesis, Karadag. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomilin, A. G. 1957 Mammals of the U.S.S.R. and Adjacent Countries. Vol. IX Cetacea. Izdatel’sto Akademi Nauk, Moscow, U.S.S.R.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomilin, A. G. 1968 Factors promoting powerful development of the brain in Odontoceti: Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Sel’skokhozyaystvennogo Instituta Zaochnogo Obrasovaniya, No. 31, pp. 191–200. In Russian. JPRS No. 49777.

    Google Scholar 

  • True, F. W. 1910 An account of the beaked whales of the family Ziphiidae in the collection of the United States National Museum, with remarks on some specimens in other American museums. U. S. National Museum Bulletin 73, 89 pp., 42 plates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, W. A. and W. E. Schevill 1971 Underwater sounds of Monodon (Narwhal). Jour. Acoust. Soc. Am. 49(2), Pt. 2: 595–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, F. A. 1963 Active energy radiating systems: The bat and ultrasonic principles II; acoustical control of airborne interceptions by bats. In: Proceedings of the International Congress on Technology and Blindness, Vol. 1, pp. 49–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitmore, F. C., Jr., and A. E. Sanders 1976 Review of the Oligocene Cetacea. Syst. Zool. 25(4):304–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, F. G., Jr. 1952 Porpoise sounds. A phonograph record of underwater sounds made by Tursiops trunoatus and Stenella plagiodon. Publ. by Marineland Research Laboratory, Marineland, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, F. G. Jr. 1953 Underwater sound production and concurrent behavior of captive porpoises, Tursiops trunoatus and Stenella plagiodon. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf and Caribbean 3:120–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, F. G. 1964 General Discussion. In: Marine Bio-Acoustics, W. N. Tavolga, Ed., pp. 395–396. Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Working Party on Marine Mammals 1977 In: Mammals in the Seas, Vol. 1, Report of the FAO Advisory Committee on Marine Resources Research. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yablokov, A. V. 1962 The key to a biological riddle — the sperm whale at a depth of 2,000 meters. Priroda 4:95–98. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yablokov, A. V., V. M. Bel’kovich, and V. I. Borisov 1972 Whales and Dolphins, Parts I and II. Kity i Del’fini, Izd-vo Nauka, Moscow. Translation JPRS 62150–1. 528 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaslavsky, G. L. 1971 On directivity of sound emission in the Black Sea bottlenosed dolphin. Trudy Akusticheskogo Instituta 17: 60–70. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaslavsky, G. L. 1972 Study of echolocational Signals of dolphins by means of two-channel registration system. Biofisika 4: 717–720. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaslavsky, G. L. 1974 Experimental investigations of the spatial-temporal structure of the echolocational signals of dolphins. Ph.D. Thesis. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaslavsky, G. L., A. A. Titov, and V. M. Lekomtsev 1969 Investigations of the echolocational abilities of the harbor porpoise (Ph. phocoena) . Trudy Akusticheskogo Instituta 8:134–138. (In Russian)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA, 92152, USA

    F. G. Wood

  2. Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute, San Diego, CA, 92109, USA

    W. E. Evans

Authors
  1. F. G. Wood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W. E. Evans
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Jouy-en-Josas, France

    René-Guy Busnel

  2. Sonatech, Inc., Goleta, California, USA

    James F. Fish

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wood, F.G., Evans, W.E. (1980). Adaptiveness and Ecology of Echolocation in Toothed Whales. In: Busnel, RG., Fish, J.F. (eds) Animal Sonar Systems. NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series, vol 28. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7254-7_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7254-7_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7256-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-7254-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation