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Roles of Vitamins as Coenzymes

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Nutrition and the Adult

Part of the book series: Human Nutrition ((HUNU,volume 3B))

Abstract

Vitamins that serve as precursors of coenzymes are principally the B vitamins. These substances occur not only in the free form but also in bound forms from which they must be liberated in the digestive tract by appropriate secreted enzymes before they can be utilized. The transport of vitamins from the digestive tract into the bloodstream and to various cells and finally into the cells may require specific transport proteins for a particular vitamin. Within the cells, most members of the group of B vitamins are converted into coenzyme forms which are required for the activity of specific enzymes. Such a coenzyme may be attached by ionic, coordinate covalent, or, in some cases, covalent bonding to an apoenzyme to provide an enzyme (holoenzyme) catalyzing a specific reaction. In some instances, the vitamin itself is bound covalently to the apoenzyme (protein) directly to form the holoenzyme. Coenzymes are usually integrally involved in the catalytic process of the enzyme, but many coenzymes also serve as cosubstrates or carriers of groups to be modified by enzymic processes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and The Clayton Foundation Biochemical Institute, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA

    William Shive & Edwin M. Lansford Jr.

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  1. William Shive
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  2. Edwin M. Lansford Jr.
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  1. School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, 90024, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater

  2. The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    David Kritchevsky

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© 1980 Plenum Press, New York

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Shive, W., Lansford, E.M. (1980). Roles of Vitamins as Coenzymes. In: Alfin-Slater, R.B., Kritchevsky, D. (eds) Nutrition and the Adult. Human Nutrition, vol 3B. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7216-9_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7216-9_1

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