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Transgenic Models of Tnf Induced Demyelination

  • Chapter
The Functional Roles of Glial Cells in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 468))

Abstract

The nervous system and the immune system are intimately connected within an extensive network of anatomical and molecular communications, in which molecules of one system can directly stimulate the other. Immune organs such as the spleen are innervated by sympathetic nerves and immunological and inflammatory responses can be modulated by neuropeptides (Payan, 1986; Sternberg, 1997). In the opposite direction cytokines and cytokine receptors, classically associated with the peripheral immune system, are now known to play important roles in CNS functioning (Hopkins and Rothwell, 1995) and cytokine disbalances are associated with CNS disease (Merrill and Benveniste, 1996). TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine which is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of human immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) (Raine, 1995), Alzheimers Disease (Meda et al., 1995), bacterial meningitis (Leist et al., 1988), cerebral malaria (Grau et al, 1989), and AIDS dementia complex (Tyor et al., 1992). The cell types that contribute to the local production of TNF within the CNS during the pathogenesis of neuronal disease are resident CNS cells, mainly microglia and astrocytes, and infiltrating cells of the immune system particularly macrophages (Hofman et al., 1989; Selmaj et al., 1991; Canella and Raine, 1995).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 115 21, Athens, Greece

    Katerina Akassoglou, George Kassiotis, George Kollias & Lesley Probert

  2. Department of Experimental Neuropathology, Institute of Neurology University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria

    Jan Bauer & Hans Lassmann

Authors
  1. Katerina Akassoglou
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  2. George Kassiotis
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  3. George Kollias
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  4. Lesley Probert
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  5. Jan Bauer
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  6. Hans Lassmann
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland

    Marco Tsacopoulos

  2. Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece

    Rebecca Matsas

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Akassoglou, K., Kassiotis, G., Kollias, G., Probert, L., Bauer, J., Lassmann, H. (1999). Transgenic Models of Tnf Induced Demyelination. In: Matsas, R., Tsacopoulos, M. (eds) The Functional Roles of Glial Cells in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 468. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4685-6_20

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