Skip to main content

Comments on and Reactions to Freedman, Statistics and the Scientific Method

  • Chapter
Cohort Analysis in Social Research

Abstract

Mindless applications of regression models to poorly measured data in the social sciences are what Freedman deplores. I yield to nobody in my Opposition to mindlessness—in the natural sciences as in the social sciences—and I am steadfastly in favor of good measurement of theoretical relevant constructs. But frequently the lines between mindlessness and wise exploration, between measurement guided by lame-brained theories and that inspired by a truly visionary world view are unclear, distinguishable only through the myopia-correcting lenses of hindsight. Freedman uses such hindsight to discern and describe some examples of mathematical models in the natural sciences that have succeeded admirably, and he contrasts them to “typical regression models in the social sciences.” He suggests the comparison may be unfair and even cruel: In this suggestion he is correct; The comparison is certainly unfair. While social science comes off second-best by design, surely the tables would be turned were we to take shoddy examples of physical science and compare them with the best of theory-guided social science research, whether or not it uses regression analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, R.M., Smelser, N.J., and Treiman, D. (eds.) (1982).Behavior and Social Science Research: A National Resource, Parts I and II, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, Y.M.M., Fienberg, S.E., and Holland, P.W. (1975).Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and Practice. Cambridge, Mass: M.I.T. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Converse, P.E. (1982). Response to lecture by Professor Cronbach, in W.H. Kruskal (ed.),The Social Sciences, Their Nature and Uses. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 83–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Earman, J. and Glymour, C. (1980). Relativity and eclipses: The British eclipse expeditions of 1919 and their predecessors, in G. Heilbron et al (eds.),Historical Studies on the Physical Sciences 11. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, pp. 49–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fienberg, S.E., Singer, B., and Tanur, J.M. (1985). Large scale social experimentation in the U.S.A., in A.C. Atkinson and S.E. Fienberg (eds.),A Celebration of Statistics: The ISI Centenary Volume. New York: Springer-Verlag (fortheoming).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R.A. (1936). Has Mendel’s work been rediscovered?Annals of Science 1, 115–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, D.A. (1985). Statistics and the scientific method. (This volume).

    Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, D.A. and Lane, D. (1983). Significance testing in a non- stochastic setting, in P. Bickel, K. Doksum, J.L. Hodges Jr. (eds.),A Festschrift for Erich L. Lehmann. Beimont, Calif.: Wadsworth, pp. 184–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glymour, C. (1983). Social sciences and social physics.Behavioral Science 28, 126–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, N.R. (1969).Patterns of Discovery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holton, G. (1978). Subelectrons, presuppositions, and the Millikan- Erenhaft dispute, in R. McCormmach et al (eds.),Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 9. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 25–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landau, D. and Lazarsfeld, P.F. (1978). Quetelet, Adolphe, in Wm. Kruskal and J.M. Tanur (eds.),International Encyclopedia of Statistics 2. New York: Macmillan and the Free Press, pp. 824–834.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, B. and Robbins, H. (1981). Urn models for regression analysis, with applications to employment discrimination studies. Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prewitt, K. (1980). Annual Report of the President 1979–1980: The council and the usefulness of the social sciences.Annual Report 1979–1980. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council, xiii–xxvii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheynin, O.B. (1973). Mathematical treatment of astronomical observations (a historical essay).Arch. Hist. Exact. Sei. 11, 97–126.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sheynin, O.B . (1977). J. Kepler as a statistician.Bulletin of the Int. Stat. Inst. (Proceedings of the 40th Session), 341-354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheynin, O.B. (1978). Kepler, Johannes, in Wm. Kruskal and J.M. Tanur (eds.),International Encyclopedia of Statistics 1. New York: Macmillan and the Free Press, pp. 487–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanur, J.M. (1982). Advances in methods for large scale surveys and experiments, inFive Year Outlook on Science and Technology. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation, pp. 589–619.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fienberg, S.E. (1985). Comments on and Reactions to Freedman, Statistics and the Scientific Method. In: Mason, W.M., Fienberg, S.E. (eds) Cohort Analysis in Social Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8536-3_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8536-3_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8538-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-8536-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics