Abstract
Considerable use has been made of purified fiber as a model to explore the possible mechanisms of action of fiber in foods within the gut. It is possible that direct extrapolation to the whole food of all the results obtained with purified fiber may be inappropriate. Nevertheless, these studies have aided in defining specific aspects of the physiology of the gut in relation to nutrient absorption and subsequent metabolic effects. In addition, the findings have suggested possible new approaches to the management of a range of disorders, such as diabetes, the dumping syndrome, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. It is the aim of this chapter to review these effects of fiber in relation to carbohydrate metabolism.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aro, A., Uusitupa, M., Vontilainen, E., Hersio, K., Korhonen, T., and Siitonen, O., 1981, Improved diabetic control and hypocholesterolemic effect induced by long-term dietary supplementation with guar gum in type 2 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, Diabetologia 21: 29–33.
Bosello, O., Ostuzzi, R., Armellini, F., Micciolo, R. M., and Ludovico, A. S., 1980, Glucose tolerance and blood lipids in bran fed patients with impaired glucose tolerance, Diabetes Care 3: 46–49.
Brodribb, A. J. M., and Humphreys, D. M., 1976, Diverticular disease: Three studies. Part III—Metabolic effect of bran in patients with diverticular disease, Br. Med. J. 1: 428–430.
Cassidy, M. M., Lightfoot, F. G., Gray, L. E., Story, J. A., Kritchevsky, D., and Vahouny, G. V., 1981, Effect of chronic intake of dietary fibers on the ultrastructural topography of rat jejunum and colon: A scanning electron microscopy study, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34: 218–228.
Christiansen, J. S., Bonnevie-Nielsen, V., Svendsen, P. A., Rubin, P., Ronn, B., and Nerup, J., 1980, Effect of guar gum on 24-hour insulin requirements of insulin-dependent diabetic subjects as assessed by an artificial pancreas, Diabetes Care 3: 659–662.
Committee of the American Diabetes Association on Food and Nutrition, 1979, Special report: Principles of nutrition and dietary recommendations for individuals with diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Care 2: 520–523.
Elsenhaus, B., Sufke, U., Blume, R., and Caspary, W. F., 1980, The influence of carbohydrate gelling agents on rat intestinal transport of monosaccharides and neutral amino acids in vitro, Clin. Sci. 59: 373–380.
Gold, L. A., McCourt, J. P., and Merimee, T. J., 1980, Pectin: An examination in normal subjects, Diabetes Care 3: 50–52.
Holt, S., Heading, R. C., Carter, D. C., Prescott, L. F., and Tothill, P., 1979, Effect of gel fibre on gastric emptying and absorption of glucose and paracetomol, Lancet 1: 636–639.
Jenkins, D. J. A., 1982, Lente carbohydrate: A newer approach to the dietary management of diabetes, Diabetes Care 5: 634–641.
Jenkins, D. J. A., 1983, Fiber and delayed carbohydrate absorption in man: Lente carbohydrate, in: Delaying Absorption As a Therapeutic Principle in Metabolic Disease ( W. Creutzfeldt and U. R. Folsch, eds.), Thieme-Stratton, New York, pp. 45–56.
Jenkins, D. J. A., Leeds, A. R., Gassull, M. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Goff, D. V., Alberti, K. G. M. M., and Hockaday, T. D. R., 1976, Unabsorbable carbohydrates and diabetes: Decreased post-prandial hyperglycaemia, Lancet 2: 172–174.
Jenkins, D. J. A., Gassull, M. A., Leeds, A. R., Metz, G., Dilawari, J. B., Slavin, B., and Blendis, L. M., 1977a, Effect of dietary fiber on complications of gastric surgery: Prevention of postprandial hypoglycemia by pectin, Gastroenterology 72: 215–217.
Jenkins, D. J. A., Leeds, A. R., Gassull, M. A., Cochet, B., and Alberti, K. G. M. M., 1977b, Decrease in postprandial insulin and glucose concentrations by guar and pectin, Ann. Intern. Med. 86: 20–23.
Jenkins, D. J. A., Leeds, A. R., Houston, H., Hinks, L., Alberti, K. G. M. M., and Cummings, J. H., 1977c, Carbohydrate tolerance in man after six weeks of pectin administration, Proc. Nutr. Soc. 36: 60A.
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Hockaday, T. D. R., Leeds, A. R., Haworth, R., Bacon, S., Apling, E. C., and Dilawari, J., 1977d, Treatment of diabetes with guar gum, Lancet 2: 779–780.
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Leeds, A. R., Gassull, M. A., Dilawari, J. B., Goff, D. V., Metz, G. L., Alberti, K. G. M. M., 1978a, Dietary fibres, fibre analogues and glucose tolerance: Importance of viscosity, Br. Med. J. 1: 1392–1394.
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Nineham, R., Taylor, R. H., Metz, G. L., Bacon, S., and Hockaday, T. D. R., 1978b, Guar crispbread in the diabetic diet, Br. Med. J. 2: 1744–1746.
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Nineham, R., Goff, D. V., Haisman, P., Charnock, P., Taylor, R. H., and Hockaday, T. D. R., 1979, Dietary fibre and ketone bodies: Reduced urinary 3-hydroxybutyrate excretion in diabetics on guar, Br. Med. J. 2: 1555–1556.
Jenkins, D. J. A., Leeds, A. R., Bloom, S R., Sarson, D. L., Albuquerque, R. H., Metz, G. L., and Alberti, K. G. M. M., 1980a, Pectin and post-gastric surgery complications of gastric complications: Normalisation of postprandial glucose and endocrine responses, Gut 21: 574–579.
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Taylor, R. H., Reynolds, D., Nineham, R., and Hockaday, T. D. R., 1980b, Diabetic glucose control, lipids, and trace elements on long term guar, Br. Med. J. 1: 1353–1354.
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Nineham, R., Sarson, D. L., Bloom, S. R., Ahern, J., Alberti, K. G. M. M., and Hockaday, T. D. R., 1980c, Improved glucose tolerance four hours after taking guar with glucose, Diabetologia 19: 21–24.
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Taylor, R. H., Kannan, W., Sarson, D., and Bloom, S. R., 1983, Reply to letter by Abraira and Lawrence, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 37: 153–154.
Leeds, A. R., Bolster, N. R., Andrews, R., and Truswell, A. S., 1978a, Meal viscosity, gastric emptying and glucose absorption in the rat, Proc. Nutr. Soc. 36: 44A.
Leeds, A. R., Ralphs, D. N., Boulos, P., Ebied, F., Metz, G. L., Dilawari, J., Elliott, A., and Jenkins, D. J. A., 1978b, Pectin and gastric emptying in the dumping syndrome, Proc, Nutr. Soc. 37: 23A.
Leeds, A. R., Ralphs, D. N. L., Ebied, F., Metz, G., and Dilawari, J. B., 1981, Pectin in the dumping syndrome: Reduction of symptoms and plasma volume changes, Lancet 1: 1075–1078.
Levitt, N. S., Vinik, A. I., Sive, A. A., Child, P. T., and Jackson, W. P. U., 1980, The effect of dietary fiber on glucose and hormone responses to a mixed meal in normal subjects and in diabetic subjects with and without autonomic neuropathy, Diabetes Care 3: 515–519.
Miranda, P. M., and Horwitz, D. L., 1978, High fiber diets in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, Ann. Intern. Med. 88: 482–486.
Morgan, L. M., Goulder, T. J., Tsiolakis, D., Marks, V., and Alberti, K. G. M. M., 1979, The effects of unabsorbable carbohydrate on gut hormones: Modification of postprandial GIP secretion by guar, Diabetologia 17: 85–89.
Nutrition Sub-Committee of the British Diabetic Association’s Medical Advisory Committee, 1982, Dietary Recommendations for Diabetics for the 1980s—A policy statement by the British Diabetic Association, Hum. Nutr. Appl. Nutr. 36A: 378–394.
Radzuik, J., McDonald, T. J., Rubenstein, D., and Dupre, J., 1978, Initial splanchnic extraction of ingested glucose in normal man, Metabolism 27: 657–669.
Rainbird, A. L., Low, A. G., and Zebrowska, T., 1982, Effect of guar gum on glucose absorption from isolated loops of jejunum in conscious growing pigs, Proc. Nutr. Soc. 39: 48A.
Randle, P. J., Garland, P. B., Hales, C. N., and Newsholme, E. A., 1963, The glucose-fatty acid cycle: Its role in insulin sensitivity and the metabolic disturbances of diabetes mellitus, Lancet 1: 785–789.
Schwartz, S. E., Levine, R. A., Singh, A., Scheidecker, J. R., and Track, N. S., 1982, Sustained pectin ingestion delays gastric emptying, Gastroenterology 83: 12–17.
Southgate, D. A. T., 1973, Fibre and the other unavailable carbohydrates and their effects on the energy value of the diet, Proc. Nutr. Soc. 32: 131.
Special Report Committee, 1981, Guidelines for the nutritional management of diabetes mellitus: A special report from the Canadian Diabetes Association, J. Can. Diet. Assoc. 42: 110–118.
Tasman-Jones, C., Owen, R. L., and Jones, A. L., 1982, Semi-purified dietary fiber and small bowel morphology in rats, Dig. Dis. Sci. 27: 519–524.
Thompson, L. L., and Tasman-Jones, C., 1982, Dissaccharidase levels of the rat jejunum are altered by dietary fibre, Digestion 23: 253.
Trowell, H. C., and Burkitt, D. P., 1975, Concluding considerations, in: Refined carbohydrate Foods and Disease ( D. P. Burkitt and H. C. Trowell, eds.), Academic, London, pp. 333–345.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jenkins, D.J.A., Wolever, T.M.S., Jenkins, A.L., Taylor, R.H. (1986). Dietary Fiber, Gastrointestinal, Endocrine, and Metabolic Effects: Lente Carbohydrate. In: Vahouny, G.V., Kritchevsky, D. (eds) Dietary Fiber. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2111-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2111-8_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9249-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2111-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive