Abstract
The usefulness of planktonic foraminifera and pteropods as biological indicators has long been established. Due to their specific environmental requirements, most singlespecies populations, as well as species assemblages, characterize various water masses and circulation patterns. Ecological biogeographers have mapped the limits of ranges of numerous taxa and have drawn broad ecological inferences. Being planktonic, both foraminifera and pteropods float passively, or nearly so, with currents. Consequently, low-latitude species are transported by currents such as the Gulf Stream and its ramifications to distant areas beyond their habitat. Knowledge of pteropod and planktonic foraminiferal distribution in polar-subpolar regions based on studies from limited geographic areas is scanty.
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Herman, Y., Andersen, O.G.N. (1989). Foraminifera and Pteropoda Beneath the Arctic Sea Ice: New Distributions. In: Herman, Y. (eds) The Arctic Seas. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0677-1_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0677-1_8
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