Abstract
Increasing activities by man in the North American Arctic require concomitant responsibilities for land management. In some instances revegetation of disturbed sites is needed to maintain stability of the soil and the integrity of the tundra biological system. Recent explorations in arctic tundra revegetation by staff of this station have shown that fertilization to improve the nutrient availability of some arctic soils is necessary for establishing seedlings of native as well as introduced grasses. It is known, however, from experiences with turf and forage grass management systems in temperate regions, that winter hardiness of certain grasses is significantly reduced by excessive and late-season fertilization with nitrogen. Theoretically, the fertilizer stimulates additional vegetative growth late in the growing season causing carbohydrates that would normally remain as metabolizable reserves to be allocated for structural tissues, thus reducing the carbohydrate reserves below critical levels.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allessio, M. L., and L. L. Tieszen. (1975) Patterns of carbon allocation in an arctic tundra grass, Dupontia fischeri (Gramineae), at Barrow, Alaska. Amer. J. Bot., 62: 797–807.
Allessio, M. L., and L. L. Tieszen. (1978) Translocation and allocation of 14C-photoassimilate by Dupontia fisheri. In Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra (L. L. Tieszen, Ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag, Chap. 17.
Billings, W. D., K. M. Peterson, and G. R. Shaver. (1978) Growth, turnover, and respiration rates of roots and tillers in tundra graminoids. In Vegetation and Production Ecology of the Alaskan Arctic Tundra (L. L. Tieszen, Ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag, Chap. 18.
Brouwer, R. (1966) Root growth of grasses and cereals. In The Growth of Cereals and Grasses, Proceedings of Twelfth Easter School of Agricultural Science, University of Nottingham (F. L. Milthorpe and J. D. Ivins, Eds.). London: Butterworth, pp. 163–166.
Chapin, F. S. III (1978) Phosphate uptake and nutrient utilization by Barrow tundra vegetation. In Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra (L. L. Tieszen, Ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag, Chap. 21.
Dowding, P. (1974) Nutrient losses from litter on IBP tundra sites. In Soil Organisms and Decomposition in Tundra: Proceedings of the Microbiology, Decomposition and Invertebrate Working Groups Meeting, Fairbanks, Alaska, August 1973 (A. J. Holding et al., Eds.). Stockholm: International Biological Programme, Tundra Biome Steering Committee, pp. 363–373.
Goodman, G. T., and D. F. Perkins. (1959) Mineral uptake and retention in cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum L.). Nature, 184: 467–468.
Hanway, J. J. (1962) Corn growth and composition in relation to soil fertility. II. Uptake of N, P and K and their distribution in different plant parts during the growing season. Agron. J., 54: 217–222.
Jameson, D. A. (1963) Responses of individual plants to harvesting. Bot. Rev., 29: 532–594.
Kimball, S. L., B. D. Bennett, and F. B. Salisbury. (1973) The growth and development of montane species at near-freezing temperatures. Ecology, 54: 168–173.
Leopold, A. C. (1964) Plant Growth and Development. New York: McGraw-Hill, 58 pp.
Mattheis, P. J., L. L. Tieszen, and M. C. Lewis. (1976) Responses of Dupontia fisheri to simulated lemming grazing in an Alaskan arctic tundra Ann. Bot., 40: 179–197.
McCarty, E. C. (1938) The relation of growth to the varying carbohydrate content in mountain-brome. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 598, 24 pp.
McCarty, E. C., and R. Price. (1942) Growth and carbohydrate content of important mountain forage plants in central Utah as affected by clipping and grazing. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 818, 51 pp.
McCown, B. H. (1978) The interactions of organic nutrients, soil nitrogen, and soil temperature and plant growth and survival in the arctic environment. In Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra (L. L. Tieszen, Ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag, Chap. 19.
McKendrick, J. D., C. E. Owensby, and R. M. Hyde. (1975) Big blustem and indiangrass vegetative reproduction and annual reserve carbohydrate and nitrogen cycles. Agro-Ecosystem, 2: 75–93.
Milthorpe, F. L., and J. L. Davidson. (1966) Physiological aspects of regrowth following defoliation. In The Growth of Cereals and Grasses: Proceedings of Twelfth Easter School of Agricultural Science, University of Nottingham (F. L. Milthorpe and J. D. Ivins, Eds.). London: Butterworth, pp. 153–166.
Mitchell, W. W. (1976) Native grass seed enters commercial production. Agroboreal, 8: 19–21.
Perry, L. J., Jr., and L. E. Moser. (1974) Carbohydrate and organic nitrogen concentrations within range grass parts at maturity. J. Range Manag., 27: 276–278.
Sampson, A. W., and E. C. McCarty. (1930) The carbohydrate metabolism of Stipa pulchra. Hilgardia, 5: 62–100.
Shaver, G. R., and W. D. Billings. (1977) Effects of daylength and temperature on root elongation in tundra graminoids. Oecologia, 28: 57–65.
Smith, D. (1969) Removing and analyzing total nonstructural carbohydrates from plant tissue. Research Division, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Res. Rep. 41, 11 pp.
Smith, D., G. M. Paulsen, and G. A. Raguse. (1964) Extraction of total available carbohydrates from grass and legume tissue. Plant Physiol., 39: 960–962.
Tieszen, L. L., D. A. Johnson, and M. L. Allessio. (1974) Translocation of photosynthetically assimilated 14CO2 in three arctic grasses in situ at Barrow, Alaska. Can. J. Bot., 52: 2189–2193.
Ulrich, A., and P. L. Gersper. (1978) Plant nutrient limitations of tundra plant growth. In Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra (L. L. Tieszen, Ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag, Chap. 20.
Weinmann, H. (1940) Seasonal chemical changes in the roots of some South African highveld grasses. J. South Afric. Bot., 6: 131–145.
Weinmann, H. (1942) On the autumnal remigration of nitrogen and phosphorus in Trachypogon plumosa. J. South Afric. Bot., 8: 179–196.
Weinmann, H. (1952) Carbohydrate reserves in grasses. Proceedings, 6th International Grassland Congress, Part I, pp. 655–660.
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1978 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
McKendrick, J.D., Ott, V.J., Mitchell, G.A. (1978). Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Carbohydrate and Nutrient Levels in Dupontia fisheri and Arctagrostis latifolia . In: Tieszen, L.L. (eds) Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra. Ecological Studies, vol 29. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-6307-4_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-6307-4_22
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6309-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-6307-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive