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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection

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Encyclopedia of Adolescence

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Overview

Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) is a member of the Lentivirus (slow virus) family of retroviruses. The consequence of infection with HIV is a decline in immune function resulting from viral attack on CD4+ lymphocytes (also known as T-helper cells) that results in their death. With significant CD4+ T-Cell depletion, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) develops and renders the individual susceptible to a variety of infections that confer significant morbidity, and possible death. In the absence of treatment with drugs targeting HIV, the median time from HIV infection to AIDS is approximately 8–10 years. During this period, infected persons may lack signs or symptoms that suggest infection and unintentionally transmit HIV to others. HIV is transmitted by exposure to HIV-infected blood, tissue, or genital fluid and exposure to infected breast milk. Sexual activity and sharing of needles associated with intravenous drug use are the most common reported exposure...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Adolescent Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Administration Building, 1900 W. Polk Street, Room 1111, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Lisa M. Henry-Reid & Jaime Martinez

Authors
  1. Lisa M. Henry-Reid
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  2. Jaime Martinez
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Correspondence to Lisa M. Henry-Reid .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Indiana University, 302 Sycamore Hall, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA

    Roger J. R. Levesque

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Henry-Reid, L.M., Martinez, J. (2011). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection. In: Levesque, R.J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Adolescence. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_217

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_217

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