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Prediabetes among Nigerian adolescents: A School-based study of the prevalence, risk factors and pattern of fasting blood glucose in Ibadan, Nigeria

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Abstract

Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are emerging public health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa which have been given little research focus among adolescents. The behavioural and cardiometabolic factors that drive these conditions have hardly been documented among adolescents in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of prediabetes among 500 in-school adolescents and their fasting blood glucose pattern in Ibadan, Nigeria. Potential factors including blood pressure, anthropometric measurements and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were assessed. Prediabetes was defined as FBG between 100 –125 mg/dl. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate logistic regression at 5 % level of significance. The overall prevalence of prediabetes among the adolescents was 4.0 % 95 % CI (2.2–5.7 %) and the mean FBG of adolescents was 85.3 ± 8.2. Males compared to females had significantly higher levels of FBG—mean difference [1.65:95 % CI (0.017–3.14) p = 0.03]. Factors that increased the odds for prediabetes included frequent consumption of carbonated drinks (OR = 1.45; 95 % CI 0.46–3.30; p = 0.48), attending a private school (OR = 2.58; 95 % CI 0.77–9.0; p = 0.66) elevated blood pressure (OR = 2.04; 95 % CI 0.57–7.35; p = 0.57) and being overweight or obese (OR = 2.91; 95 % CI 0.38–22.3; p = 0.30). Correspondingly, while those who skipped breakfast [1.29;95 % CI (−0.23;−2.8) p = 0.096] had higher FBG, those who walked daily back from school [−2.07;95 % CI (−3.55; − 0.59) p = 0.01] had significantly lower FBG. Prediabetes and risk factors are prevalent among the secondary school adolescents in Ibadan. Surveillance of potential risk factors through school-based screening among adolescents is crucial for prevention and early intervention.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Oluwakemi Arigbede, Ikeola Adeoye & Oyindamola Yusuf

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Olumide Jarrett

Authors
  1. Oluwakemi Arigbede
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  2. Ikeola Adeoye
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  3. Olumide Jarrett
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  4. Oyindamola Yusuf
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ikeola Adeoye.

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Funding

This study was self-sponsored, i.e.no form of external funding was received for this study which was conducted by OA under the supervision of IA and OY, in partial fulfilment of the award of a Master’s degree in Epidemiology at the College of Medicine University of Ibadan.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical standard

All procedures performed in the study were approved by the Oyo State Ethical Review Committee of the Oyo State Ministry of Health. Permission to carry out the study was obtained from the Oyo State Ministry of Education and the authorities of each of the selected school. Informed consent was obtained from the parents/guardian while the study participants gave their assent before data collection commenced.

Authors’ contributions

Conception of research idea was conducted by OA, IA, OJ. OA and IA designed the study. AO conducted the study under the supervision of IA and OY. OA and IA analysed the data and wrote the draught of the manuscript. IA, OJ and OY reviewed and critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. IA finalised the manuscript.

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Arigbede, O., Adeoye, I., Jarrett, O. et al. Prediabetes among Nigerian adolescents: A School-based study of the prevalence, risk factors and pattern of fasting blood glucose in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 37, 437–445 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-016-0505-6

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