Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The consumption of a diet abundant in vegetables and fruits or the performance of non-exhaustive exercise do not protect against diabetic retinopathy: a study in a Mexican population

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Oxidative stress and damage are pivotal in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. A diet abundant in plants and the performance of non-exhaustive exercise are proposed as potential strategies against diabetic retinopathy. We aimed to determine if any of them protect against diabetic retinopathy. Eighty-eight diabetic patients were asked about their frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits and about the intensity, length, and frequency of their exercising. Age, weight, chest and waist circumferences, height, body mass index, recent weight loss, known duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, presence of another chronic disease, last acute disease, history of herpes infection, smoking, consumption of alcohol, hypoglycemic agents, anti-inflammatories, vitamin supplements and hormones, periodontal disease, inflammation, and psychological stress were also surveyed. Twenty-two patients were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy. Statistical analyses were performed to assess its correlation with these parameters. No associations were found for a diet abundant in vegetables and fruits or for the performance of any intensity of exercise, but for the use of insulin (odds ratio = 3.750, 95 % confidence interval = 1.317–10.681) and for the known duration of diabetes (odds ratio = 1.198, 95 % confidence interval = 1.098–1.306). Our research found a lack of protection of a diet abundant in vegetables and fruits and of non-exhaustive exercise against diabetic retinopathy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kanwar M, Chan PS, Kern TS, Kowluru RA. Oxidative damage in the retinal mitochondria of diabetic mice: possible protection by superoxide dismutase. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:3805–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Du Y, Miller CM, Kern TS. Hyperglycemia increases mitochondrial superoxide in retina and retinal cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003;35:1491–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ellis EA, Guberski DL, Somogyi-Mann M, Grant MB. Increased H2O2, vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors in the retina of the BBZ/Wor diabetic rat. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000;28:91–101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kowluru RA. Diabetes-induced elevations in retinal oxidative stress, protein kinase C and nitric oxide are interrelated. Acta Diabetol. 2001;38:179–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kowluru RA, Chan PS. Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy. Exp Diabetes Res. 2007;2007:43603.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Williams M, Hogg RE, Chakravarthy U. Antioxidants and diabetic retinopathy. Curr Diabetes Rep. 2013;13:481–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lopes de Jesus CC, Atallah AN, Valente O, Moca Trevisani VF. Vitamin C and superoxide dismutase (SOD) for diabetic retinopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;1:CD006695.

  8. Bartlett HE, Eperjesi F. Nutritional supplementation for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2008;28:503–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Perez-Martinez P, Garcia-Quintana JM, Yubero-Serrano EM, Tasset-Cuevas I, Tunez I, Garcia-Rios A, et al. Postprandial oxidative stress is modified by dietary fat: evidence from a human intervention study. Clin Sci (Lond). 2010;119:251–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sies H, Stahl W, Sevanian A. Nutritional, dietary and postprandial oxidative stress. J Nutr. 2005;135:969–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Avignon A, Hokayem M, Bisbal C, Lambert K. Dietary antioxidants: do they have a role to play in the ongoing fight against abnormal glucose metabolism? Nutrition. 2012;28:715–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. de Lemos ET, Oliveira J, Pinheiro JP, Reis F. Regular physical exercise as a strategy to improve antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status: benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:741545.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wilkinson CP, Ferris 3rd FL, Klein RE, Lee PP, Agardh CD, Davis M, et al. Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:1677–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Millen AE, Klein R, Folsom AR, Stevens J, Palta M, Mares JA. Relation between intake of vitamins C and E and risk of diabetic retinopathy in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:865–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wang J, Zhang RY, Chen RP, Sun J, Yang R, Ke XY, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in a high-risk Chinese population. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:633.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Thomas RL, Dunstan F, Luzio SD, Roy Chowdury S, Hale SL, North RV, et al. Incidence of diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Service for Wales: retrospective analysis. BMJ. 2012;344:e874.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Fong DS, Aiello L, Gardner TW, King GL, Blankenship G, Cavallerano JD, et al. Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:226–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:556–64.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Chatziralli IP, Sergentanis TN, Keryttopoulos P, Vatkalis N, Agorastos A, Papazisis L. Risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. BMC Res Notes. 2010;3:153.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Mallika P, Lee P, Cheah W, Wong J, Syed Alwi S, Nor Hayati H, et al. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in diabetics screened using fundus photography at a primary health care setting in East Malaysia. Malays Fam Physician. 2011;6:60–5.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Dirani M, Xie J, Fenwick E, Benarous R, Rees G, Wong TY, et al. Are obesity and anthropometry risk factors for diabetic retinopathy? The diabetes management project. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:4416–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Esteves J, Laranjeira AF, Roggia MF, Dalpizol M, Scocco C, Kramer CK, et al. Fatores de Risco para Retinopatia Diabética. Arq Bras Endrocrinol Metab. 2008;52:431–41.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kramer CK, Leitão CB, Azevedo MJ, Valiatti FB, Rodrigues TC, Canani LH, et al. Diabetic retinopathy is associated with early autonomic dysfunction assessed by exercise-related heart rate changes. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2008;41:1110–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lee CC, Stolk RP, Adler AI, Patel A, Chalmers J, Neal B, et al. Association between alcohol consumption and diabetic retinopathy and visual acuity-the AdRem Study. Diabet Med. 2010;27:1130–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Rasmidatta S, Khunsuk-Mengrai K, Warunyuwong C. Risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Med Assoc Thai. 1998;81:169–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Council of Science and Technology, 03940, Mexico City, Mexico

    Agustin Lugo-Radillo

  2. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, 28040, Colima, Mexico

    Agustin Lugo-Radillo & Carlos J. Perez-Chavira

  3. Clínica Hospital ISSSTE Dr. Miguel Angel Trejo Ochoa, 28010, Colima, Mexico

    Alejandro Amezcua-Portillo & Dora E. Valdovinos-Ruiz

Authors
  1. Agustin Lugo-Radillo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alejandro Amezcua-Portillo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dora E. Valdovinos-Ruiz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Carlos J. Perez-Chavira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Agustin Lugo-Radillo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lugo-Radillo, A., Amezcua-Portillo, A., Valdovinos-Ruiz, D.E. et al. The consumption of a diet abundant in vegetables and fruits or the performance of non-exhaustive exercise do not protect against diabetic retinopathy: a study in a Mexican population. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 35 (Suppl 3), 375–379 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-015-0360-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-015-0360-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation