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Sero-surveillance of equine infectious anemia virus in equines in India during more than a decade (1999–2012)

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Abstract

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a retroviral infection of horses. Horses infected by EIA virus (EIAV) become inapparent carriers that remain asymptomatic for the remainder of their life span and serve as infection source to other horses. In this study, agar gel immunodiffusion test and ELISA were used to investigate the presence of antibodies to EIAV in equines. A total of 67,042 equine serum samples from 19 states and two union territories were tested during April 1999 to September 2012. The results revealed that none of the animals were positive for antibodies to EIAV from 1999 to December 2009. However, two EIAV sero-positive cases one each from indigenous and thoroughbred equines were detected in 2010 and 2012, respectively. Occurrence of EIA after a long gap of 11 years is indicative of reemergence of EIA in India which warrants concerted efforts in nationwide surveillance and monitoring for detection and elimination of EIAV carrier animals to prevent EIA outbreak.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the previous and current staff members of the National Research Centre on Equines for skilful technical assistance with serological investigations during the past decades. The help of Sri Sitaram and Sri Gurudutt is also acknowledged. We thank all those who performed fieldwork during these 10 years. We also thank the State Animal Husbandry Departments, vets, and equine owners for sending serum samples and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research for funding the monitoring and epidemiological research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Veterinary Type Culture Collection, National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE), Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001, Haryana, India

    Praveen Malik & Karuppusamy Shanmugasundaram

  2. National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE), Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001, Haryana, India

    Harisankar Singha, Sachin K. Goyal, Sandip K. Khurana, Rajender Kumar, Nitin Virmani, Birendra K. Singh & Raj K. Singh

  3. Government of Uttarakhand, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India

    Shashti B. Pandey

  4. Government of Haryana, Manesar, Haryana, India

    Ravi Kant

Authors
  1. Praveen Malik
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  2. Harisankar Singha
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  3. Sachin K. Goyal
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  4. Sandip K. Khurana
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  5. Rajender Kumar
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  6. Nitin Virmani
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  7. Karuppusamy Shanmugasundaram
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  8. Shashti B. Pandey
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  9. Ravi Kant
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  10. Birendra K. Singh
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  11. Raj K. Singh
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Correspondence to Praveen Malik.

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Malik, P., Singha, H., Goyal, S.K. et al. Sero-surveillance of equine infectious anemia virus in equines in India during more than a decade (1999–2012). Indian J. Virol. 24, 386–390 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-013-0142-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-013-0142-3

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