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High Levels of Genetic Diversity in Salix viminalis of the Czech Republic as Revealed by Microsatellite Markers

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Abstract

Willows (Salix spp.) grown as short rotation coppice are recognised as an important bioenergy crop, and breeding programmes are underway in several countries, including the Czech Republic. The basket willow Salix viminalis is one of the few willow species that is widespread in the Czech Republic and thus a potential source of diversity, but the most extensive germplasm collection available shows evidence of redundancy. To investigate levels of variation in natural populations of this species for use in crop improvement programmes, a set of 38 microsatellite markers was used to assess genetic diversity and population structure among 84 S. viminalis individuals collected from seven Czech rivers (the Odra, Bečva, Morava, Dyje, Jihlava, Sázava and Vltava), covering a wide geographic distribution. The markers detected 6.95 alleles per locus on average with 92 % of the sampled individuals having a unique multilocus genotype giving a high clonal richness measure among all samples (R = 0.952). Three sets of putative clones (with identical genotypes as determined by the markers used here) were also identified. Significant levels of genetic diversity were revealed within all sampling sites. With the exception of sites on the Odra and Morava, pairwise F ST (0.02–0.1) values indicated moderate differentiation between sites. Principal coordinates analysis revealed some separation of the Dyje individuals from all others. This was in agreement with the population structure results derived from Bayesian analyses using STRUCTURE software. These results provide the first evidence that potentially useful levels of genotypic variation are present within natural S. viminalis populations in the Czech Republic.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Vladimír Čížek for his expertise in sourcing and collection of the plant material for this study. We thank Irina Kadis, translator of Skvortsov's Willows of Russia and Adjacent Countries, for her valuable comments and William Macalpine (Rothamsted Research, UK) for his indispensable help on the collecting expedition. This work was funded in part by the Bioenergy and Climate Change Institute Strategic Grant awarded to Rothamsted Research and an ERANET-Bioenergy grant (BB/G00580X/1), both awarded by the Bioscience and Biotechnology Sciences Research Council of the UK. Šárka Jahodová’s work was conducted within the frame of long-term research plans AV0Z60050516 (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) and MSM0021620828 (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic). The work of Luďka Čížková was funded by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (project Nos. MZE 0002070203 and 30404/08-16210/VZ-39).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK

    Sviatlana O Trybush, Angela Karp & Steven J Hanley

  2. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Viničná 7, 128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic

    Šárka Jahodová

  3. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Šárka Jahodová

  4. Department of Reproductive Resources, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Kunovice, Na Záhonech 601, 686 04, Kunovice, Czech Republic

    Luďka Čížková

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  1. Sviatlana O Trybush
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Correspondence to Sviatlana O Trybush.

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Trybush, S.O., Jahodová, Š., Čížková, L. et al. High Levels of Genetic Diversity in Salix viminalis of the Czech Republic as Revealed by Microsatellite Markers. Bioenerg. Res. 5, 969–977 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-012-9212-4

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