Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine dye was studied using hydrothermally prepared TiO2 impregnated activated carbon (TiO2: AC). A comparison between the degradation of the indigo carmine dye using commercial TiO2 and TiO2: AC revealed the efficiency of the title compound. The degradation reaction was optimized with respect to the dye concentration and catalyst amount. The reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) revealed the mineralization of dye along with colour removal. The active compound like TiO2 was impregnated onto the activated carbon surface under mild hydrothermal conditions (<250°C, P ∼ 40 bars). The impregnated activated carbon samples were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baetz R L and Iangphasuk M 1997 Chemosphere 35 585
Byrappa K, Lokanatha Rai K M and Yoshimura M 2000 Environ. Tech. 21 1085
Byrappa K, Subramani A K, Ananda S, Lokanatha Rai K M, Dinesh R and Yoshimura M 2006a Bull. Mater. Sci. 29 433
Byrappa K, Subramani A K, Ananda S, Lokanatha Rai K M, Sunitha M H, Basavalingu B and Soga K 2006b J. Mater. Sci. 41 1355
Carlos Gouvea A K, Wypych F, Sandra Mores G, Duran N, Nagata N and Peralta-Zamona P 2000 Chemosphere 40 433
Crittender J C, Rominder Suri P S, David Perram L and Hand D W 1997 Wat. Res. 1 411
Ding Z, Lu G Q and Green Field P F 2000 J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 232 1
Di Paola A, Garcia-Lopez E, Keda S I, Marchi G and Ohtani B 2002 Catalysis Today 75 87
Ferraz M C M, Maser S and Jonhaeuser M 1999 Fuel 1567
Matos J, Laine J and Hermann J M 1998 Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 18 281
Neppolian B, Choi H C, Sakthivel S, Arabindoo B and Murugesan V 2002 J. Hazard. Mater. 89 303
Panduranga A, Kamala S, Uma S, Palanichamy M and Murgesa V 2001 Indian J. Chem. Technol. 8 96
Poulios I and Aetopoulon I 1999 Environ. Tech. 20 79
Steven L M 1973 Handbook of photochemistry (New York: Marcel Dekker) pp 124–125
Subramani A K, Byrappa K, Kumaraswamy G N, Ravikumar H B, Ranganathaiah C, Lokanatha Rai K M, Ananda S and Yoshimura M 2007 Mater. Letts (submitted)
Tsumura T, Kojitani N, Umemura H, Toyoda M and Inagaku M 2002 Appl. Surf. Sci. 196 492
Wang Y 2000 Wat. Res. 34 990
Yamashita H et al 2000 Catalysis Today 63 63
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Subramani, A.K., Byrappa, K., Ananda, S. et al. Photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine dye using TiO2 impregnated activated carbon. Bull Mater Sci 30, 37–41 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-007-0007-8
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-007-0007-8