Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Collection of Popcorn as a Reservoir of Genes for the Generation of Lineages

  • Research
  • Published:
Molecular Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present study, we analyze the genetic structure and diversity among accessions of popcorn obtained from the CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center that represent the diversity available for current use by breeding programs. The main objectives were to identify SSR loci that were the best indicators of genetic diversity, to measure the genetic diversity within popcorn genotypes, and to analyze the genetic structure of the promising populations destined for use in breeding programs. The mean gene diversity of all SSR loci was 0.6352. An extremely high population differentiation level was detected (F st  = 0.3152) with F st for each locus ranging from 0.1125 (Umc1229) to 0.4870 (Umc1755). Analyzing the genetic structure of eight popcorn accessions was especially important for identifying both SSR loci with high levels of heterozygosity and genotypes showing high heterozygosity (Boya462 and Arzm13 050). This analysis should be the medium and long-term selection goal for the generation of inbred lines and the future production of new cultivars. Plant accessions Arzm05 083, Arzm13 050, and Urug298 may also be useful varieties that exhibit important agronomic characteristics that can be used through crosses to broaden the genetic basis of popcorn.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zinsly, J. R., & Machado, J. A. (1987). Milho-pipoca. In E. Paterniani & G. P. Viegas (Eds.), Melhoramento e produção do milho (pp. 413–717). Campinas: Fundação Cargill.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Scapim, C. A., Braccini, A. L., Pinto, R. J. B., Amaral-Junior, A. T., Rodovalho, M. A., Silva, R. M., et al. (2006). Componentes genéticos de médias e depressão por endogamia em populações de milho-pipoca. Ciência Rural, 36, 36–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Scapim, C. A., Pacheco, C. A. P., Amaral-Junior, A. T., Vieira, R. A., Pinto, R. J. B., & Conrado, T. V. (2010). Correlations between the stability and adaptability statistics of popcorn cultivars. Euphytica, 174, 209–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Freitas-Junior, S. P., Amaral-Junior, A. T., Pereira, M. G., Cruz, C. D., & Scapim, C. A. (2006). Capacidade combinatória em milho pipoca por meio de dialelo circulante. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 41, 1599–1607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Freitas-Júnior, S. P., Amaral-Júnior, A. T., Rangel, R. M., & Viana, A. P. (2009). Genetic gains in popcorn by full-sib recurrent selection. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 9, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Santos, F. S., Amaral-Júnior, A. T., Freitas-Junior, S. P., Rangel, R. M., Scapim, C. A., & Mora, F. (2008). Genetic gain prediction of the third recurrent selection cycle in a popcorn population. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 30, 651–655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Mora, F., & Scapim, C. A. (2007). Predicción de valores genéticos del efecto de poblaciones de maíz evaluadas en Brasil y Paraguay. Agricultura Tecnica (Chile), 67, 139–146.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Pereira, L. K., Scapim, J. B., Mangolin, C. A., Machado, M. F. P. S., Pacheco, C. A. P., & Mora, F. (2008). Heterozigosity following half-sib recurrent selection in popcorn using isoenzyme markers. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 11, 107–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Rangel, R. M., Amaral-Junior, A. T., Scapim, C. A., Freitas-Junior, S. P., & Pereira, M. G. (2008). Genetic parameters in parents and hybrids of circulant diallel in popcorn. Genetics and Molecular Research, 6, 1020–1030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Vilela, F. O., Amaral-Junior, A. T., Pereira, M. G., Scapim, C. A., Viana, A. P., & Freitas-Junior, S. P. (2008). Effect of recurrent selection on the genetic variability of the UNB-2U popcorn population using RAPD markers. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 30, 25–30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Miranda, G. V., Souza, L. V., Galvão, J. C. C., Guimarães, L. J. M., Melo, A. V., & Santos, I. C. (2008). Genetic variability and heterotic groups of Brazilian popcorn populations. Euphytica, 162, 431–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Arnhold, E., Viana, J. M. S., Silva, R. G., & Mora, F. (2009). Relative efficiencies of selection methods of inbred families in popcorn. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 31, 203–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Vieira, R. A., Souza-Neto, I. L., Bignotto, L. S., Cruz, C. D., Amaral-Junior, A. T., & Scapim, C. A. (2009). Heterotic parametrization for economically important traits in popcorn. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 31, 411–419.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Amaral-Junior, A. T., Freitas-Junior, S. P., Rangel, R. M., Pena, G. F., Ribeiro, R. M., Morais, R. C., et al. (2010). Improvement of a popcorn population using selection indexes from a fourth cycle of recurrent selection program carried out in two different environments. Genetics and Molecular Research, 9, 340–347.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ziegler, K. E., & Ashman, B. (1994). Popcorn. In A. R. Hallauer (Ed.), Specialty corns (pp. 189–223). CRC Press: Ames.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lee, M., Goldhalk, F. B., Lamkey, K. R., & Wodmar, W. W. (1989). Association of restriction fragment length polymorphism among maize inbreeds with agronomic performance of their crosses. Crop Science, 29, 1067–1071.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hoisington, D. M., Khairallah, D., & Gonzalez-de-Leon, L. (1994). Laboratory Protocols: CIMMYT Applied Molecular Genetics Laboratory (2nd ed., p. 50). Mexico: CIMMYT.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Don, R. H., Cox, P. T., Wainwright, B. J., Baker, K., & Mattick, J. S. (1991). “Touchdown” PCR to circumvent spurious priming during gene amplification. Nucleic Acid Research, 19, 4008.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., & Maniatis, T. (1989). Molecular Cloning: a laboratory manual. (2nd ed., p. 1659). NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN 0-87969-309-6.

  20. Yeh, F. C., Yang, R., & Boyle, T. (1999). Popgene version 1.32: Microsoft window based freeware for population genetic analysis. Alberta: University of Alberta, Centro for International Forestry Research.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Wright, S. (1965). The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to systems of mating. Evolution, 19, 395–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Nei, M. (1973). Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 70, 3321–3323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Dandolini, T. S., Scapim, C. A., Amaral-Junior, A. T., Mangolin, C. A., Machado, M. F. P. S., Mott, A. S., et al. (2008). Genetic divergence in popcorn lines detected by microsatellite markers. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 8, 313–320.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Silva, T. A., Pinto, R. J. B. P., Scapim, C. A., Mangolin, C. A., Machado, M. F. P. S., & Carvalho, M. S. N. (2009). Genetic divergence in popcorn genotypes using microsatellites in bulk genomic DNA. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 9, 31–36.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Trindade, A. P. R., Pinto, R. J. B., Amaral-Junior, A. T., Mangolin, C. A., Machado, M. F. P. S., & Scapim, C. A. (2010). Genetic diversity of breeding popcorn lines determined by SSR markers. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 13, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Li, Y. L., Lv, D. B., Wang, Y. Z., Chen, S. J., & Tang, J. H. (2004). Study on the genetic diversity of popcorn inbreds and their germoplasm relationship with normal corn inbreds using SSR markers. Maydica, 49, 327–333.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Wu, Y. S., Zheng, Y. L., Sun, R., Wu, S. Y., Gu, H. B., & Bi, Y. H. (2004). Genetic diversity of waxy corn and popcorn land-races in Yunnan by SSR markers. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 30, 36–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Liu, Y. J., Huang, Y. B., Rong, T. Z., Tian, M. L., & Yang, J. P. (2005). Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in land-races of waxy maize from Yunnan and Guizhou using SSR markers. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 4, 648–653.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Qi-Lun, Y., Ping, F., Ke-Cheng, K., & Guang-Tang, P. (2008). Genetic diversity based on SSR markers in maize (Zea mays L.) landraces from Wuling mountain region in China. Journal of Genetics, 87, 287–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Matsuoka, Y., Vigouroux, Y., Goodman, M. M., Sanchez, G. J., Buckler, E. S., & Doebley, J. F. (2002). A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 99, 6080–6084.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Rupp, J. V., Mangolin, C. A., Scapim, C. A., & Machado, M. F. P. S. (2009). Genetic structure and diversity among sweet corn (Su1-germplasm) progenies using SSR markers. Maydica, 54, 125–132.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hocquigny, S., Pelsy, F., Dumas, V., Kindt, S., Heloir, M.-C., & Merdinoglu, D. (2004). Diversification within grapevine cultivars goes through chimeric states. Genome, 47, 579–589.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Crespan, M. (2004). Evidence on the evolution of polymorphism of microsatellite markers in varieties of Vitis vinifera L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 108, 231–237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Moncada, X., Pelsy, F., Merdinoglu, D., & Hinrichsen, P. (2006). Genetic diversity and geographical dispersal in grapevine clones revealed by microsatellite markers. Genome, 49, 1459–1472.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Allendorf, F. W., & Luikart, G. (2007). Conservation and the genetics of populations (p. 642). Maden: Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Wright, S. (1978). Evolution and the genetics of populations vol. 4, variability within and among natural populations. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Vigouroux, Y., Mitchell, S., Matsuoka, Y., Hamblin, M., Kresivich, S., Smith, J. S. C., et al. (2005). An analysis of genetic diversity across the maize genome using microsatellite. Genetics, 169, 1617–1630.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Schlötterer, C., & Wiehe, T. (1999). Microsatellites, a neutral marker to infer selective sweeps. In D. B. Goldstein & C. Schlötterer (Eds.), Microsatellites: Evolution and applications (pp. 238–247). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Schlötterer, C. (2000). Evolutionary dynamics of microsatellite DNA. Chromosoma, 109, 365–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Li, Y. C., Korol, A. B., Fahima, T., Beiles, A., & Nevo, E. (2002). Microsatellites: Genomic distribution, putative functions and mutational mechanisms: A review. Molecular Ecology, 11, 2453–2465.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Subirana, J. A., & Messeguer, X. (2007). Structural families of genomic microsatellites. Gene, 31, 124–132.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa Ciência e Tecnologia, Brasília, DF.), Araucária Foundation (Curitiba, PR), and Capes (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasília DF Brazil) for its financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil

    Misael Severino Nunes de Carvalho, Claudete Aparecida Mangolin, Teresa Aparecida da Silva & Maria de Fátima Pires da Silva Machado

  2. Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil

    Carlos Alberto Scapim

Authors
  1. Misael Severino Nunes de Carvalho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Claudete Aparecida Mangolin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Carlos Alberto Scapim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Teresa Aparecida da Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Maria de Fátima Pires da Silva Machado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria de Fátima Pires da Silva Machado.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

de Carvalho, M.S.N., Mangolin, C.A., Scapim, C.A. et al. A Collection of Popcorn as a Reservoir of Genes for the Generation of Lineages. Mol Biotechnol 53, 300–307 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-012-9527-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-012-9527-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation