Abstract
Lithium manganese oxide nanorods were prepared from manganese dioxide nanorods precursor. The structure and morphology were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The data of the Rietveld refinement indicate that the nanorods preferentially grow along the [111] direction. After charge–discharge test at 1.0 mA cm−2 in 3.0–4.4 V, the nanorods LiMn2O4 showed the 134.5 mAh g−1 initial discharge capacity and only lost 1.1% of initial capacity after 30 cycles, which is better than that of bulk particles LiMn2O4 prepared by traditional solid-state reaction method. This effective and simple route to synthesis nanorods LiMn2O4 from one-dimensional (1D) precursor could also be extended to prepare 1D other nanomaterials with special electrochemical properties.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amatucci GG, Schmutz CN, Blyr A et al (1997) Materials’ effects on the elevated and room temperature performance of C/LiMn2O4 Li-ion batteries. J Power Source 69:11–25. doi:10.1016/S0378-7753(97)02542-1
Blyr A, Sigala C, Amatucci GG, Guyomard D, Chabre Y, Tarascon JM (1998) Self-discharge of LiMn2O4/C Li-ion cells in their discharged state—understanding by means of three-electrode measurements. J Electrochem Soc 145:194–209. doi:10.1149/1.1838235
Che G, Lakshmi BB, Fisher ER, Martin CR (1998) Carbon nanotubule membranes for electrochemical energy storage and production. Nature 393:346–349. doi:10.1038/30694
Fang H, Li L, Yang Y, Yan G, Li G (2008) Low-temperature synthesis of highly crystallized LiMn2O4 from alpha manganese dioxide nanorods. J Power Source 184:494–497. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.04.011
Kang SH, Goodenough JB (2000) LiMn2O4 spinel cathode material showing no capacity fading in the 3 V range. J Electrochem Soc 147:3621–3627. doi:10.1149/1.1393949
Kang SH, Goodenough JB, Radenberg LK (2001) Effect of ball-milling on 3-V capacity of lithium-manganese oxiospinel cathodes. Chem Mater 13:1758–1764. doi:10.1021/cm000920g
Li W, Dahn JR (1995) Lithium-ion cells with aqueous electrolytes. J Electrochem Soc 142:1742–1745. doi:10.1149/1.2044187
Li N, Patrissi CJ, Che GL, Martin CR (2000) Rate capabilities of nanostructured LiMn2O4 electrodes in aqueous electrolyte. J Electrochem Soc 147(6):2044–2049. doi:10.1149/1.1393483
Lim S, Cho J (2008) PVP-Assisted ZrO2 coating on LiMn2O4 spinel cathode nanoparticles prepared by MnO2 nanowire templates. Electrochem Commun 10:1478–1481. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2008.07.028
Liu H, Cheng C, Hu Z, Zhang K (2007) The effect of ZnO coating on LiMn2O4 cycle life in high temperature for lithium secondary batteries. Mater Chem Phys 101:276–279. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2006.05.006
Nishizawa M, Mukai K, Kuwabata S, Martin CR, Yama H (1997) Template synthesis of polypyrrole-coated spinel LiMn2O4 nanotubules and their properties as cathode active materials for lithium batteries. J Electrochem Soc 144:1923–1927
Patzke GR, Krumeich F, Nesper R (2002) Oxidic nanotubes and nanorods—anisotropic modules for a future nanotechnology. Angew Chem Int Ed 41:2446–2461. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20020715)41:14<2446::AID-ANIE2446>3.0.CO;2-K
Thackeray MM (1997) Manganese oxides for lithum batteries. Prog Solid State Chem 25:1–17. doi:10.1016/S0079-6786(97)81003-5
Xun W, Yadong L (2002) Selected-control hydrothermal synthesis of -α and β-MnO2 single crystal nanowires. J Am Chem Soc 124:2880–2881. doi:10.1021/ja0177105
Zhang L, Yu JC, Xu AW, Li Q, Kwong KW, Wu L (2003) A self-seeded, surfactant-directed hydrothermal growth of single crystalline lithium manganese oxide nanobelts from the commercial bulky particles. Chem Commun 2910–2911. doi:10.1039/b310998d
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2007ABA345).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, H., Tan, L. A novel method for preparing lithium manganese oxide nanorods from nanorod precursor. J Nanopart Res 12, 301–305 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9614-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9614-1