Abstract
We consider symmetry breaking in the context of vector bundle theory, which arises quite naturally not only when attempting to “gauge” symmetry groups, but also as a means of localizing those global symmetry breaking effects known as spontaneous. We review such spontaneous symmetry breaking first for a simplified version of the Goldstone scenario for the case of global symmetries, and then in a localized form which is applied to a derivation of some of the phenomena associated with superconduction in both its forms, type I and type II. We then extend these procedures to effect the Higgs mechanism of electroweak theory, and finally we describe an extension to the flavor symmetries of the lightest quarks, including a brief discussion of CP-violation in the neutral kaon system. A largely self-contained primer of vector bundle theory is provided in Sect. 4, which supplies most of the results required thereafter.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abelev, B.I., et al. (STAR Collaboration): Azimuthal charged-particle correlations and possible local strong parity violation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 251601 (2009). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.251601
Abrikosov, A.: Nobel Lecture, available on the website nobelprize.org (2003)
Atiyah, M.F.: K-Theory. Benjamin, New York (1967)
Avis, S.J., Isham, C.J.: Quantum field theory and fibre bundles in a general spacetime. In: Lévy, M., Deser, S. (eds.) Recent Developments in Gravitation, Cargése 1978. Plenum, New York (1978)
Beringer, J., et al. (Particle Data Group): Review of particle physics. Phys. Rev. D 86, 010001 (2012)
Burgess, C.P.: Goldstone and pseudo-Goldstone bosons in nuclear, particle and condensed-matter physics. In: Effective Theories in Matter, Nuclear Physics Summer School and Symposium, Seoul National University, Korea (1999). arXiv:hep-th/9808176v3
Cartier, P.: Quantum mechanical commutation relations and theta functions. In: Borel, A., Mostow, G.D. (eds.) Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics Volume IX: Algebraic Groups and Discontinuous Subgroups. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1966)
Derdzinski, A.: Geometry of the Standard Model of Elementary Particles. Springer, Berlin (1992)
Geroch, R.P.: Spinor structure of space-times in General Relativity. I. J. Math. Phys. 9, 1739 (1968)
Geroch, R.P.: Spinor structure of space-times in General Relativity. II. J. Math. Phys. 11, 343 (1970)
Grothendieck, A.: A General Theory of Fibre Spaces with Structure Sheaf. University of Kansas, Lawrence (1955) (second edn. 1958)
Hirzebruch, F.: Topological Methods in Algebraic Geometry. Springer, Berlin (1965)
Husemoller, D.: Fibre Bundles. McGraw–Hill, New York (1966). Second edition, Springer, Berlin (1975)
Jost, J.: Nonlinear Methods in Riemannian and Kählerian Geometry. Birkhäuser, Boston (1988)
Karoubi, M.: K-Theory. An Introduction. Springer, Berlin (1978)
Kharzeev, D.E., McLerran, L.D., Warringa, H.J.: The effects of topological charge change in heavy ion collisions: “Event by event P and CP violation” (2007). arXiv:0711.0950v1 [hep-ph]
Mallios, A.: Geometry of Vector Sheaves I, II. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1998)
Mallios, A.: Modern Differential Geometry in Gauge Theories I, II. Birkhäuser, Boston (2006)
Nestruev, J.: Smooth Manifolds and Observables. Springer, Berlin (2003)
Selesnick, S.A.: Rank one projective modules over certain Fourier algebras. In: Fourman, M.P., Mulvey, C.J., Scott, D.S. (eds.) Applications of Sheaves. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 753. Springer, Berlin (1979)
Selesnick, S.A.: Second quantization, projective modules, and local gauge invariance. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 22(1), 29 (1983)
Selesnick, S.A.: CP violation in the Cabibbo-rotated nonlinear σ-model. Nuovo Cimento A 101, 249 (1989)
Selesnick, S.A.: Dirac’s equation on the quantum net. J. Math. Phys. 35(8), 3936 (1994)
Selesnick, S.A.: Quanta, Logic and Spacetime, 2nd edn. World Scientific, Singapore (2003)
Selesnick, S.A.: Foundation for quantum computing II. Int. J. Theor. Phys. (2006). doi:10.1007/s10773-006-9254-5
Selesnick, S.A.: Some quantum symmetries and their breaking I. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51(3), 871 (2012). doi:10.1007/s10773-011-0964-y
Tinkham, M.: Introduction to Superconductivity, 2nd edn. Dover, Mineola (1996)
Vaisman, I.: Cohomology and Differential Forms. Marcel Dekker, New York (1973)
Warner, F.: Foundations of Differentiable Manifolds and Lie Groups. Springer, Berlin (2010)
Acknowledgements
Thanks are owed to Cliff Burgess, Dmitri Kharzeev and Ivan Selesnick for help in the preparation of this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Selesnick, S.A. Some Quantum Symmetries and Their Breaking II. Int J Theor Phys 52, 1088–1121 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-012-1423-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-012-1423-0