Abstract
The combustion characteristics of propellants containing AP, HMX, an energetic binder, and aluminum particles with various polymer coatings are studied at pressures of 0.15 and 4.6 MPa. It is found that the coatings influence the burning rate, the particle size distribution of condensed combustion products, and the completeness of aluminum combustion. It is shown that the agglomeration can be reduced by using aluminum with fluorine-containing coatings. The application of some coatings results in a reduction in the mass of the agglomerates with an insignificant increase in their size. The greatest effect was achieved when using aluminum coated with (CH2=CH-CH2-O)2Si[OCH2(CF2-CF2)2H]2 [bis(allyloxy)-bis(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyloxy)silane]. For this coating, a size reduction is also observed for micron-size oxide particles.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. A. Yagodnikov, E. A. Andreev, V. S. Vorob’ev, and O. G. Glotov, “Ignition, combustion, and agglomeration of encapsulated aluminum particles in composite solid propellant. I. Theoretical study of the ignition and combustion of aluminum with fluorine-containing coatings,” Combust., Expl., Shock Waves, 42, No. 5, 534–542 (2006).
D. A. Yagodnikov, A. V. Voronetskii, V. M. Mal’tsev, and V. A. Seleznev, “Enhancing the propagation velocity of a flame front in an aluminum aerosuspension,” Combust., Expl., Shock Waves, 28, No. 2, 155–158 (1992).
D. A. Yagodnikov and A. V. Voronetskii, “Experimental and theoretical study of the ignition and combustion of an aerosol of encapsulated aluminum particles,” Combust., Expl., Shock Waves, 33, No. 1, 49–55 (1997).
O. G. Glotov and V. Ya. Zyryanov, “Condensed combustion products of aluminized propellants. I. A technique for investigating the evolution aircraft of disperse-phase particles,” Combust., Expl., Shock Waves, 31, No. 1, 72–78 (1995).
T. D. Fedotova, O. G. Glotov, and V. E. Zarko, “Chemical analysis of aluminum as a propellant ingredient and determination of aluminum and aluminum nitride in condensed combustion products,” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 25, No. 6, 325–332 (2000).
O. G. Glotov, V. E. Zarko, V. A. Shandakov, and D. A. Yagodnikov, “Study of the effect of polymer coating on aluminum agglomeration,” in: Energetic Materials. Ignition, Combustion and Detonation, Proc. 32th Int. Annu. Conf. of ICT, Karlsruhe (2001), pp. 115-1–115-14.
O. G. Glotov, A. B. Kiskin, V. E. Zarko, et al., “Ignition and combustion characteristics of propellants containing coated aluminum particles,” in: Energetic Materials. Synthesis, Production and Application, Proc. 33th Int. Annu. Conf. of ICT, Karlsruhe (2002), pp. 80-1–80-14.
G. T. Sukhanov, G. A. Gareev, V. N. Kizhnyaev, and L. P. Kirillova, “Synthesis of poly-5-vinyltetrazole,” in: Abstracts III All-Union Conf. on Chemical Reagents, Vol. 3, Ashkhabad (1989), p. 102.
V. N. Kizhnyaev, G. T. Sukhanov, and A. I. Smirnova, “Effect of residual halide groups on the hydrodynamic properties of methylated poly-5-vinyltetrazole,” Vysokomol. Soed., Ser. B, 33, No. 9, 681–684 (1991).
O. G. Glotov, V. E. Zarko, V. V. Karasev, et al., “Macrokinetics of combustion of monodisperse agglomerates in the flame of a model solid propellant,” Combust., Expl., Shock Waves, 39, No. 5, 552–562 (2003).
V. A. Babuk, V. A. Vassiliev, and V. V. Sviridov, “Propellant formulation factors and metal agglomeration in combustion of aluminized solid rocket propellant,” Combust. Sci. Technol., 163, 261–289 (2001).
O. G. Glotov, V. E. Zarko, V. V. Karasev, and M. W. Beckstead, “Condensed combustion products of metallized propellants of variable formulation,” AIAA Paper No. 98-0449, 1–7 (1998).
O. G. Glotov, V. E. Zarko, V. V. Karasev, and M. W. Beckstead, “Aluminum agglomeration in solid propellants: Formulation effects,” in: Propellants, Explosives, Rockets, and Guns, Proc. 2nd Int. High Energy Materials Conf., India, IIT Madras, Chennai (1998), pp. 131–137.
O. G. Glotov and V. E. Zarko, “Condensed combustion products of aluminized propellants,” Trans. Aeronaut. Astronaut. Soc. Republic of China, 34, No. 3, 247–256 (2002).
O. G. Glotov, “Condensed combustion products of aluminized propellants. II. Evolution of particles with distance from the burning surface,” Combust., Expl., Shock Waves, 36, No. 4, 476–488 (2000).
P. V. Novitskii and I. A. Zograf, Estimating Measurement Errors [in Russian], Énergoatomizdat, Leningrad (1991).
N. S. Cohen, “A pocket model for aluminum agglomeration in composite propellants,” AIAA J., 21, No. 5, 720–725 (1983).
V. A. Babuk, V. P. Belov, V. V. Khodosov, and G. G. Shelukhin, “Investigation of the agglomeration of aluminum particles during the combustion of metalized composite condensed systems,” Combust., Expl., Shock Waves, 21, No. 3, 287–292 (1985).
V. Ya. Zyryanov “Model for predicting agglomeration during combustion of metallized systems,” in: Combustion of Condensed Systems, Joint Inst. of Chem. Phys., Chernogolovka (1986), pp. 59–62.
O. G. Glotov, “Condensed combustion products of aluminized propellants. IV. Effect of the nature of nitramines on the agglomeration and efficiency of aluminum combustion,” Combust., Expl., Shock Waves, 42, No. 4, 436–449 (2006).
V. N. Simonenko and V. E. Zarko, “Comparative study of the combustion behavior of composite propellants containing ultra fine aluminum,” in: Energetic Materials, Proc. 30th Int. Annu. Conf. of ICT, Karlsruhe (1999), pp. 21-1–21-14.
L. T. De Luca, L. Galfetti, F. Severini, et al., “Burning of nano-aluminized composite solid propellants,” Combust., Expl., Shock Waves, 41, No. 6, 680–692 (2005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
__________
Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 83–97, May–June, 2007.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Glotov, O.G., Yagodnikov, D.A., Vorob’ev, V.S. et al. Ignition, combustion, and agglomeration of encapsulated aluminum particles in a composite solid propellant. II. Experimental studies of agglomeration. Combust Explos Shock Waves 43, 320–333 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10573-007-0045-y
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10573-007-0045-y