Abstract
The electrical conductivity of a series of metal powders under shock compression is measured by an electrocontact technique. Initially, the metal particles are covered by an oxide film, and the powder is non-conducting. Under shock compression, the powder acquires macroscopic conductivity. The electrical conductivity of the shock-compressed powder depends substantially on the metal, porosity, particle size, and shock-wave pressure. The macroscopic electrical conductivity behind the shock-wave front is uniform within the experimental error. The dependences for fine and coarse aluminum powders on the shock-wave pressure are found. It is demonstrated that these dependences are nonmonotonic. For high shock-wave pressures, the electrical conductivity of the substance decreases. This behavior is assumed to be related to strong temperature heating of the substance under shock compression. Estimates of temperature show that shock compression can induce melting and partial vaporization of the metal. The same is evidenced by the behavior of electrical conductivity whose value for fine particles is close to the electrical conductivity of the melt. The electrical conductivity of the coarse powder is heterogeneous because of the strong thermal nonequilibrium of the particle during shock compression. An analysis of results for different metals shows that the basic parameter responsible for electrical conductivity of the shock-compressed powder is the dimensionless density.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
R. Prummer, Explosivverdichtung Pulvriger Substanzen, Springer-Verlag, BRD (1987).
S. S. Batsanov, Effects of Explosions on Materials: Modification and Synthesis under High-Pressure Shock Compression, Springer Verlag, New York-Berlin-Heidelberg (1994).
A. N. Dremin, P. F. Pokhil, and M. I. Arifov, “Effect of aluminum of TNT detonation parameters,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 131, No.5, 1140–1142 (1960).
A. I. Aniskin, “Detonation of aluminum-containing explosives,” in: Detonation and Shock Waves [in Russian], Chernogolovka (1986), pp. 26–32.
A. M. Grishkin, L. V. Dubnov, V. Yu. Davydov, et al., “Effect of powdered aluminum additives on the detonation parameters of high explosives,” Combust., Expl., Shock Waves, 29, No.2, 239–241 (1993).
N. A. Imkhovik and V. S. Solov'ev, “Oxidation of disperse aluminum in detonation products of condensed HEs,” in: Proc. of the 21th Int. Pyrotechnics Seminar, IChP RAS, Moscow (1995), pp. 316–331.
B. S. Ermolaev, B. A. Khasainov, G. Baudin, and A.-N. Presles, “Behavior of aluminum in detonation of high explosives. Surprises and interpretations,” Chem. Phys. Reports, 18, No.6, 1121–1140 (2000).
V. I. Arkhipov, M. N. Makhov, V. I. Pepekin, and V. G. Shchetinin, “Detonation of aluminized HEs,” Khim. Fiz., 18, No.12, 53–57 (1999).
S. D. Gilev and A. M. Trubachev, “Obtaining strong magnetic fields by shock waves in substances,” Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 8, No.15, 914–917 (1982).
E. I. Bichenkov, S. D. Gilev, and A. M. Trubachev, “Shock-wave MC generators,” in: V. M. Titov and G. A. Shvetsov (eds.), Ultrahigh Magnetic Fields. Physics. Techniques. Applications, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Generation of Megagauss Magnetic Fields and Related Experiments (Novosibirsk, 1983), Nauka, Moscow (1984), pp. 88–93.
K. Nagayama, T. Oka, and T. Mashimo, “Experimental study of a new mechanism of magnetic flux cumulation by the propagation of shock-compressed conductive region in silicon,” J. Appl. Phys., 53, No.4, 3029 (1982).
K. Nagayama and T. Mashimo, “Explosive-driven magnetic flux cumulation by the propagation of shock-compressed conductive region in highly porous metal powders,” J. Appl. Phys., 61, No.10, 4730–4735 (1987).
S. D. Gilev and A. M. Trubachev, “Generation of a magnetic field by a detonation wave,” Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 72, No.4, 103–106 (2002).
S. D. Gilev, “Current commutation by a detonation wave in a metallic sponge,” Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 67, No.1, 122–124 (1997).
G. I. Kuz'min, V. V. Pai, and I. V. Yakovlev, Experimental and Analytical Methods in Problems of Dynamic Loading of Materials [in Russian], Izd. Sib. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Novosibirsk (2002).
S. D. Gilev, “Electrical conductivity of high-porosity aluminum under conditions of shock-wave loading,” in: Dynamics of Continuous Media (collected scientific papers) [in Russian], No. 99, Inst. Hydrodynamics, Sib. Div., Russian Acad. of Sci., Novosibirsk (1990), pp. 105–109.
R. Killer, “Electric conductivity of condensed media at high pressures,” in: P. Caldirola and H. Knoepfel (eds.), Physics of High Energy Density, Academic Press, New York (1971).
S. S. Nabatov, A. N. Dremin, V. I. Postnov, and V. V. Yakushev, “Measurement of electrical conductivity of sulfur under dynamic compression to 400 kbar,” Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 5 No.3, 143–145 (1979).
L. A. Gatilov and L. V. Kuleshova, “Measurement of high electrical conductivity in shock-compressed dielectrics,” J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 22, No.1, 114–117 (1981).
V. I. Postnov, L. A. Anan'eva, A. N. Dremin, et al., “Electrical conductivity and compressibility of sulfur under shock loading,” Combust., Expl., Shock Waves, 22, No.4, 486–488 (1986).
W. J. Nellis, S. T. Weir, and A. C. Mitchell, “Minimum metallic conductivity of fluid hydrogen at 140 Gpa (1.4 Mbar),” Phys. Rev. B, 59, No.5, 3434–3449 (1999).
S. D. Gilev and A. M. Trubachev, “Method of measurement of electrical conductivity of substances in shock waves,” in: Proc. 4th All-Union Workshop on Detonation (Telavi, 1988), Vol. 2, Chernogolovka (1988), pp.8–12.
S. D. Gilev and T. Yu. Mihailova, “The development of a method of measuring a condensed matter electroconductivity for investigation of dielectric-metal transitions in a shock wave,” J. Phys. IV, 5 (1997); in: Colloque C3 Suppl. J. Phys. III, N7; 5th Int. Conf. on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading (EURODYMAT 97), Toledo, Spain, September 22–26 (1997), pp. C3-211–216.
S. D. Gilev and T. Yu. Mikhailova, “Current wave in shock compression of a substance in a magnetic field,” Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 66, No.5, 1–9 (1996).
S. D. Gilev and T. Yu. Mikhailova, “Electromagnetic processes in a system of conductors formed by a shock wave,” Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 66, No.10, 109–117 (1996).
L. P. Orlenko (ed.), Physics of Explosion [in Russian], Fizmatlit, Moscow (2002).
L. V. Al'tshuler, A. A. Bakanova, I. P. Dudoladov, et al., “Shock adiabatic curves of metals. New data, statistical analysis, and general laws,” J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 22, No.2, 145–169 (1981).
R. G. McQeen, S. P. Marsh, J. W. Taylor, et al., “Equation of state of solids from shock wave measurements,” in: R. Kinslow (ed.), High-Velocity Impact Phenomena, Academic Press, New York-London (1970).
B. I. Shekhter and L. A. Shushko, “Shock adiabats of some laminar plastics,” Combust., Expl., Shock Waves, 9, No.4, 519–520 (1973).
A. G. Beloshapko and A. A. Bukaemskii, “Shock adiabat of high-porosity aluminum,” in: A. M. Staver (ed.), Ultradisperse Materials. Obtaining and Properties (collected scientific papers) [in Russian], Krasnoyarsk Polytech. Inst., Krasnoyarsk (1990), pp. 28–32.
Yu. B. Khvostov, “Physics of shock waves in porous materials,” Report, Schmidt Institute of the Earth's Physics, Moscow (1984).
R. F. Trunin, G. V. Simakov, Yu. I. Sutulov, et al., “Compressibility of porous metals in shock waves,” Zh. Eksp. Tekh. Fiz., 96, No.3(9), 1024–1038 (1989).
Yu. B. Khvostov, “Obtaining of nonideal plasma in shock compression of high-porosity metals,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 294, No.2, 302–306 (1987).
K.-H. Oh and P.-A. Persson, “Equation of state for extrapolation of high-pressure shock Hugoniot data,” J. Appl. Phys., 65, No.10, 3852–3856 (1989).
S. D. Gilev and A. M. Trubachev, “Measurement of high electrical conductivity in silicon in shock waves,” J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 29, No.6, 818–823 (1988).
P. V. Bridgman, Novel Activities in the Field of High Pressures [in Russian], Moscow (1948).
D. L. Styris and G. E. Duvall, “Electrical conductivity of materials under shock compression,” High Temp.-High Pressures, 2, No.5, 477–499 (1970).
J. J. Dick and D. L. Styris, “Electrical resistivity of silver foils under uniaxial shock-wave compression,” J. Appl. Phys., 46, No.4, 1602–1617 (1975).
L. V. Gurvich, I. V. Veits, V. A. Medvedev, et al., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances: Hand-book [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1978).
E. Yu. Tonkov, Phase Diagrams of Elements at High Pressures [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1979).
O. A. Shmatko and Yu. V. Usov, Electric and Magnetic Properties of Metals and Alloys: Handbook [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1987).
A. R. Regel and V. M. Glazov, Physical Properties of Electron Melts [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1980).
V. I. Odelevskii, “Calculation of generalized conductivity of heterogeneous systems. I. Matrix two-phase systems with non-extended inclusions,” Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 21, No.6, 667–677 (1951).
F. P. Bundy and J. S. Kasper, “Electrical behaviour of sodium-silicon clathrates at very high pressures,” High Temp.-High Pressures, 2, 429–436 (1970).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
__________
Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 128–139, September–October, 2005.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gilev, S.D. Electrical Conductivity of Metal Powders under Shock Compression. Combust Explos Shock Waves 41, 599–609 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10573-005-0075-2
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10573-005-0075-2