Abstract
That many older individuals continue to engage in various forms of sexual expression well into later life is now well established in the literature. To date, however, only a small body of qualitative research has examined older men’s experiences and understandings of sex in later life. Likewise, the ways in which older men’s discussions on sex may be used as an avenue for “doing” masculinity remain underexplored. Older men are particularly interesting in this regard, as they inhabit an increasingly subordinated position in relation to hegemonic masculine ideals because of their age. To what extent might this limit or, alternatively, open up the possibilities for sexual expression and subjectivity in later life? Drawing on a subset of findings from Sex, Age, and Me: A National Study with Australian Women and Men Aged 60 and Older, data from qualitative interviews with 27 Australian men were explored in this article. The first Australian study of its kind, we argue that older men who engage in heterosexual relationships draw on a diverse and complex array of discursive positions regarding sex, relationships, and masculinity in making sense of their experiences of sex in later life. Older men are a heterogeneous group, and their experiences and understandings of sex do not simplistically follow “decline” or “success” narratives of aging. The findings of this research build upon and extend emerging research illustrating the centrality of intimacy to older men’s sexual lives, while simultaneously highlighting the ways in which the body and discursive constructions of sex intersect to shape older men’s sexual subjectivities.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
“Came of age” refers to when these men became socially and legally recognized adults.
“Frottage” refers to the practice of rubbing bodies (usually clothed) against each other as a form of sexual pleasure and satisfaction.
References
Alex, L., Hammarstrom, A., Norberg, A., & Lundman, B. (2008). Construction of masculinities among men aged 85 and older in the north of Sweden. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 451–459. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01961.x.
Arrington, M. (2000). Sexuality, society and senior citizens: An analysis of sex talk among prostate cancer support group members. Sexuality and Culture, 4, 445–474. doi:10.1007/s12119-000-1004-x.
Arrington, M. (2003). “I don’t want to be an Artificial Man”: Narrative reconstruction of sexuality among prostate cancer survivors. Sexuality and Culture, 7, 30–58. doi:10.1007/s12119-003-1011-9.
Barrios, R. J., & Lundquist, J. H. (2012). “Boys just want to have fun? Masculinity, sexual behaviors, and romantic intentions of gay and straight males in college. Journal of LGBT Youth, 9, 271–296. doi:10.1080/19361653.2012.716749.
Beckman, N., Waern, M., Ostling, S., Sundh, V., & Skoog, I. (2014). Determinants of sexual activity in four birth cohorts of Swedish 70-year-olds examined 1971-2001. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 11, 401–410. doi:10.1111/jsm.12381.
Bergstrom-Walan, M. B., & Nielsen, H. H. (1990). Sexual expression among 60–80 year old men and women: A sample from Stockholm, Sweden. Journal of Sex Research, 27(2), 289–295.
Bertone, C., & Camoletto, R. F. (2009). Beyond the sex machine? Sexual practices and masculinity in adult men’s heterosexual accounts. Journal of Gender Studies, 18, 369–386. doi:10.1080/09589230903260035.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
Broom, A. (2004). Prostate cancer and masculinity in Australian society: A case of stolen identity? International Journal of Men’s Health, 3(2), 73–91.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York and London: Routledge.
Calasanti, T. (2004). Feminist gerontology and old men. Journal of Gerontology, 59B, s305–s314. doi:10.1093/geronb/59.6.S305.
Calasanti, T., & King, N. (2005). Firming the floppy penis: Age, class, and gender relations in the lives of older men. Men and Masculinities, 8, 3–23. doi:10.1177/1097184X04268799.
Camacho, M., & Reyes-Ortiz, C. (2005). Sexual dysfunction in the elderly: Age or disease? International Journal of Impotence Research, 17, s52–s56. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901429.
Camoletto, R. F., & Bertone, C. (2010). Coming to be a man: Pleasure in the construction of Italian men’s (hetero)sexuality. Italian Studies, 65, 235–250. doi:10.1179/016146210X12593180182775.
Connell, R. W. (2005). Masculinities. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender and Society, 19, 829–859. doi:10.1177/0891243205278639.
Corona, G., Lee, D., Forti, G., O’Connor, D., Maggi, M., O’Neill, T., … EMAS Study Group. (2010). Age-related changes in general and sexual health in middle-aged and older men: Results from the European Male Ageing Study. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 7, 1362–1380. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01601.x.
DeLamater, J. (2012). Sexual expression in later life: A review and synthesis. Journal of Sex Research, 49, 125–141. doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.603168.
DeLamater, J., & Koepsel, E. (2015). Relationships and sexual expression in later life: A biopsychological perspective. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 30, 37–59. doi:10.1080/14681994.2014.939506.
DeLamater, J., & Still, M. (2005). Sexual desire in later life. Journal of Sex Research, 42, 138–149. doi:10.1080/00224490509552267.
Doull, M., Oliffe, J., Knight, R., & Shoveller, J. A. (2013). Sex and straight young men: Challenging and endorsing hegemonic masculinities and gender regimes. Men and Masculinities, 16, 329–346. doi:10.1177/1097184X13494837.
Drummond, M. (2011). Reflections on the archetypal heterosexual male body. Australian Feminist Studies, 26, 103–117. doi:10.1080/08164649.2011.546331.
Elmerstig, E., Wijma, B., Sandell, K., & Bertero, C. (2014). Sexual interaction or a solitary action: Young Swedish men’s ideal images of sexual situations in relationships and in one-night stands. Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, 5, 149–155. doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2014.06.001.
Ezzy, D. (2002). Qualitative analysis: Practice and innovation. London: Routledge.
Fileborn, B., Thorpe, R., Hawkes, G., Minichiello, V., & Pitts, M. (2015a). Sex and the (older) single girl: Experiences of sex and dating in later life. Journal of Aging Studies, 33, 67–75. doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2015.02.002.
Fileborn, B., Thorpe, R., Hawkes, G., Minichiello, V., Pitts, M., & Dune, T. (2015b). Sex, desire and pleasure: Considering the experiences of older Australian women. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 30, 117–130. doi:10.1080/14681994.2014.936722.
Fleming, A. A. (1999). Older men in contemporary discourses on ageing: Absent bodies and invisible lives. Nursing Inquiry, 6, 3–8. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1800.1999.00002.x.
Flood, M. (2008). Men, sex, and homosociality: How bonds between men shape their sexual relations with women. Men and Masculinities, 10, 339–359. doi:10.1177/1097184X06287761.
Gilbert, E., Ussher, J. M., Perz, J., Wong, T. W. K., Hobbs, K., & Mason, C. (2013). Men’s experiences of sexuality after cancer: A material discursive intra-psychic approach. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 15, 881–895. doi:10.1080/13691058.2013.789129.
Gott, M., & Hinchliff, S. (2003). How important is sex in later life? The views of older people. Social Science and Medicine, 56, 1617–1628. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00180-6.
Gott, M., Hinchliff, S., & Galena, E. (2004). General practitioner attitudes to discussing sexual health issues with older people. Social Science and Medicine, 58, 2093–2103. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.025.
Hanna, P. (2012). Using internet technologies (such as Skype) as a research medium: A research note. Qualitative Research, 12, 239–242. doi:10.1177/1468794111426607.
Helmes, E., & Chapman, J. (2012). Education about sexuality in the elderly by healthcare professionals: A survey from the Southern hemisphere. Sex Education, 12, 95–107. doi:10.1080/14681811.2011.601172.
Hilario, A. P. (2015). Making sense of a changed physical body: Why gender matters at end of life. Journal of Aging Studies, 33, 58–66. doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2015.03.001.
Hinchliff, S., & Gott, M. (2008). Challenging social myths and stereotypes of women and aging: Heterosexual women talk about sex. Journal of Women and Aging, 20, 65–81. doi:10.1300/J074v20n01_06.
Holt, A. (2010). Using the telephone for narrative interviewing: A research note. Qualitative Research, 10, 113–121. doi:10.1177/1468794109348686.
Hughes, J. (2011). Are older men taking sexuality as prescribed? The implications of the competing influences on ageing male heterosexuality. Australian Feminist Studies, 26, 89–102. doi:10.1080/08164649.2010.546330.
Jagus, C. E., & Benbow, S. M. (2002). Sexuality in older men with mental health problems. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 17, 271–279. doi:10.1080/14681990220149077.
Johnson, M. (2010). “Just getting off”: The inseparability of ejaculation and hegemonic masculinity. Journal of Men’s Studies, 18, 238–248. doi:10.3149/jms.1803.238.
Karraker, A., & DeLamater, J. (2013). Past-year sexual inactivity among older married persons and their partners. Journal of Marriage and Family, 75, 142–163. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.01034.x.
Kleinplatz, P., Menard, D., Paradis, N., Campbell, M., & Dalgleish, T. (2013). Beyond sexual stereotypes: Revealing group similarities and differences in optimal sexuality. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 45, 250–258. doi:10.1037/a0031776.
Laumann, E. O., Paik, A., Glasser, D. B., Kang, J. H., Wang, T., Levinson, B., … Gingell, C. (2006). A cross-national study of subjective sexual well-being among older women and men: Findings from the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 145–161. doi:10.1007/s10508-005-9005-3.
Lee, D. M., Nazroo, J., & Pendleton, N. (2015). Erectile dysfunction and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor use: Associations with sexual activities, function and satisfaction in a population sample of older men. International Journal of Impotence Research, 27, 146–151. doi:10.1038/ijir.2015.4.
Lodge, A. C., & Umberson, D. (2012). All shook up: Sexuality of mid- to later life married couples. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74, 428–443. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00969.x.
Lodge, A. C., & Umberson, D. (2013). Age and embodied masculinities: Midlife gay and heterosexual men talk about their bodies. Journal of Aging Studies, 27, 225–232. doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2013.03.004.
Loe, M. (2001). Fixing broken masculinity Viagra as a technology for the production of gender and sexuality. Sexuality and Culture, 5, 97–125. doi:10.1007/s12119-001-1032-1.
Mamo, L., & Fishman, J. (2001). Potency in all the right places: Viagra as a technology of the gendered body. Body and Society, 7, 13–35. doi:10.1177/1357034X01007004002.
Marshall, B. (2012). Medicalisation and the refashioning of age-related limits on sexuality. Journal of Sex Research, 49, 337–343. doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.644597.
McCarthy, B., Farr, E., & McDonald, D. (2013). Couple sexuality after 60. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 24, 38–47. doi:10.1080/08975353.2013.762867.
Menard, D. A., Kleinplatz, P. J., Rosen, L., Lawless, S., Paradis, N., Campbell, M., & Huber, J. D. (2015). Individual and relational contributors to optimal sexual experiences in older men and women. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 30, 78–93. doi:10.1080/14681994.2014.931689.
Messaoudi, R., Menard, J., Ripert, T., Parquet, H., & Staerman, F. (2011). Erectile dysfunction and sexual health after radical prostatectomy: Impact of sexual motivation. International Journal of Impotence Research, 23, 81–86. doi:10.1038/ijir.2011.8.
Minichiello, V., Plummer, D., & Loxton, D. (2004). Factors predicting sexual relationships in older people: An Australian study. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 23, 125–130. doi:10.1111/j.1741-6612.2004.00018.x.
Novick, G. (2011). Is there a bias against telephone interviews in qualitative research? Research in Nursing & Health, 31, 391–398. doi:10.1002/nur.20259.
Philaretou, A. G., & Allen, K. R. (2001). Reconstructing masculinity and sexuality. Journal of Men’s Studies, 9, 301–321. doi:10.3149/jms.0903.301.
Potts, A. (2000). The essence of the “hard on”. Hegemonic masculinity and the cultural construction of “erectile dysfunction. Men and Masculinities, 3, 85–103. doi:10.1177/1097184X00003001004.
Rubin, G. (1992). Thinking sex: Notes for a radical theory of the politics of sexuality. In C. S. Vance (Ed.), Pleasure and danger: Exploring female sexuality (pp. 267–319). London: Pandora.
Sandberg, L. (2013a). Just feeling a naked body close to you: Men, sexuality and intimacy in later life. Sexualities, 16, 261–282. doi:10.1177/1363460713481726.
Sandberg, L. (2013b). Affirmative old age—The ageing body and feminist theories on difference. International Journal of Ageing and Later Life, 8, 11–40. doi:10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.12197.
Sandberg, L. (2016). In lust we trust? Masculinity and sexual desire in later life: Men and life. Men and Masculinities, 19, 192–208. doi:10.1177/1097184X15606948.
Schick, V., Herbenick, D., Reece, M., Sanders, S. A., Dodge, B., Middlestadt, S. E., & Fortenberry, D. J. (2010). Sexual behaviours, condom use, and sexual health of Americans over 50: Implications for sexual health promotion for older adults. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7, 315–329. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02013.x.
Smith, M. L., Goltz, H. H., Ahn, S. N., Dickerson, J. B., & Ory, M. G. (2012). Correlates of chronic disease and patient-provider discussions among middle-aged and older males: Implications for successful aging and sexuality. The Aging Male, 15, 115–123. doi:10.3109/13685538.2011.641184.
Spector-Mersel, G. (2006). Never-aging stories: Western hegemonic masculinity scripts. Journal of Gender Studies, 15, 67–82. doi:10.1080/09589230500486934.
Sturges, J. E., & Hanrahan, K. J. (2004). Comparing telephone and face-to-face qualitative interviewing: A research note. Qualitative Research, 4, 107–118. doi:10.1177/1468794104041110.
Thorpe, R., Fileborn, B., & Hurde Clarke, L. (in press). Framing the sexual rights of older heterosexual women: Acknowledging diversity and change. In: C. Barrett & S. Hinchliff (Eds.), Addressing the sexual rights of older people. London: Routledge.
Trier-Bieniek, A. (2012). Framing the telephone interview as a participant-centred tool for qualitative research: A methodological discussion. Qualitative Research, 12, 630–644. doi:10.1177/1468794112439005.
Trudel, G., Dargis, L., Villeneuve, L., Cadieux, J., Boyer, R., & Preville, M. (2014). Marital, sexual and psychological functioning of older couples living at home: The results of a national survey using longitudinal methodology (Part II). Sexologies, 23, e35–e48. doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2013.03.007.
Umberson, D., Thomeer, M. B., & Lodge, A. C. (2015). Intimacy and emotion work in lesbian, gay, and heterosexual relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77, 542–556. doi:10.1111/jomf.12178.
Ussher, J. M., Perz, J., Gilbert, E., Wong, T. W. K., & Hobbs, K. (2013). Renegotiating sex and intimacy after cancer: Resisting the coital imperative. Cancer Nursing, 36, 454–462. doi:10.1097/NCC.0b013e3182759e21.
Waite, L. J., Iveniuk, J., Laumann, E. O., & McClintock, M. K. (2017). Sexuality in older couples: Individual and dyadic characteristics. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 605–618. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0651-9.
Wang, T. F., Lu, C. H., Chen, I. J., & Yu, S. (2008). Sexual knowledge, attitudes and activity of older people in Taipei. Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 443–450. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02003.x.
West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1, 125–151. doi:10.1177/0891243287001002002.
Yee, L. (2010). Aging and sexuality. Australian Family Physician, 39(10), 718–721.
Acknowledgements
This project was funded by the Australian Research Council (DP150100739).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Dr. Hinchilff, Dr. Lyons, Professor Minichiello, Dr. Brown, Dr. Malta, and Dr. Barrett received funding from the Australian Research Council. Dr. Fileborn, Dr. Heywood, and Ms. Crameri declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fileborn, B., Hinchliff, S., Lyons, A. et al. The Importance of Sex and the Meaning of Sex and Sexual Pleasure for Men Aged 60 and Older Who Engage in Heterosexual Relationships: Findings from a Qualitative Interview Study. Arch Sex Behav 46, 2097–2110 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0918-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0918-9