Abstract
In this work, Cr(III) adsorption on activated carbon obtained from olive stones in an upflow fixed-bed column at 30∘C was studied. The flow rate influence on the breakthrough curves at a feed concentration of 0.87 meq/L was investigated in an attempt to minimize the diffusional resistances. Breakthrough curves for a flow range of 2–8 mL/min were obtained at 10.5 cm bed height and inlet diameter of 0.9 cm. The mass transfer parameters indicated that the bed minimal resistance was attained at 2 mL/min. Therefore, the data equilibrium was carried out until the bed was saturated at 2 mL/min. The dynamic system generated a favorable isotherm with a maximum chromium uptake of 0.45 meq/g. A column sorption mathematical model was created considering the axial dispersion in the column and the intraparticle diffusion rate-controlling steps. The isotherm was successfully modeled by the Langmuir equation and the mathematical model described the experimental dynamic data adequately for feed concentrations from 0.26 to 3.29 meq/L.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arriagada, R., G. Bello, R. Cid, and R. García, “Retención de Cromo en Carbones Activados,” in Barros, M.A.S.D. et al. (Eds). Problemas Ambientales con Soluciones Catalíticas I. El Cromo en el Curtido de Pieles, CYTED, Madrid-Spain (2001).
Barros, M.A.S.D., “Evaluation of the Chromium Exchange Mechanism in Zeolitic Systems,” Portuguese, Doctorate Thesis, Universidade Estadual de MaringÁ, MaringÁ, Brazil (2003).
Barros, M.A.S.D., E.A. Silva, P.A. Arroyo, C.R.G. Tavares, R.M. Schneider, M. Suszek, and E.F. Sousa-Aguiar, “Removal of Cr(III) in the Fixed-bed Column and Batch Reactors Using as Adsorbent Zeolite NaX,” Chemical Engineering Science, 59, 5959–66 (2004).
Barros, M.A.S.D., A.S. Zola, P.A. Arroyo, E.F. Sousa-Aguiar, and C.R.G. Tavares, “Binary Ion Exchange of Metal Ions in Y and X Zeolites,” Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 20, 413–21 (2003).
Bautista-Toledo, I., J. Rivera-Utrilla, M.A. Ferros-García, and C. Moreno-Castilla, “Influence of the Oxygen Surface Complexes of Activated Carbons on the Adsorption of Chromium Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Effect of Sodium Chloride and Humic Acid,” Carbon, 32, 93–100 (1994).
Brunauer S., L.S. Deming, W.S. Deming, and E. Teller, “On a Theory of the van der Waals Adsorption of Gases,” J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 62, 1723–1732 (1940).
Geankoplis, C.J., Transport Processes and Unit Operations, 3th ed. PTR Prentice Hall. USA (1993).
Hill, C.G., An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics and Reactor Design, John Wiley & Sons, USA (1977).
Ko, D.C.K., J.F. Porter, and G. McKay, “Film-Pore Diffusion Model for Fixed-Bed Sorption of Copper and Cadmium Ions onto Bone Char,” Water Research, 35, 3876–3886 (2001).
Lee, T.-Y., T.-S. Lu, S.-H. Chen, and K.-J. Chao, “Lanthanum-NaY Zeolite Ion Exchange. 2. Kinetics,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29, 2024–2027 (1990).
Lyubchik, S.I., A.I. Lyubchik, O.L. Galushko, L.P. Tikhonova, J. Vital, I.M. Fonseca, and S.B. Lyubchik, “Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Cr(III) Adsorption on the Aactivated Carbon from Co-mingled Wastes,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 242, 151–158 (2004).
Monser, L. and N. Adhoum, “Modified Activated Carbon for the Removal of Copper, Zinc, Chromium and Cyanide from Wastewater,” Separation and Purification Technology, 26, 137–146 (2002).
Nelder, J.A. and R. Mead, “A Simplex Method for Function Minimization,” The Computer Journal, 7, 308–315 (1965).
Nightingale Jr., E.R., “Phenomenological Theory of Ion Solvation Effective Radii of Hydrated Ions,” J. Phys. Chem., 63, 1381–1387 (1959).
Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. and M. Molina-Sabio, “Textural and Chemical Characterization of Microporous Carbons,” Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 76, 271–294 (1998).
Silva, E.A., C.R.G. Tavares, L. Cardozo Filho, T.M.K. Ravagnani, and E.S. Cossich, “Biossorption of Chromium (III) by Biomass of Seaweed Sargassum Sp. in Fixed-Bed Column,” Adsorption, 10(4324), 129–138 (2004).
Silva, E.A., “Study of the Removal of Metal Ions Chromium (III) and Copper(II) in Fixed-bed Column using as Biosorbent the Seaweed Algae Sargassum sp.,” Portuguese, Doctorate Thesis, FEQ/Unicamp, Campinas-Brazil (2001).
Stuart, F.X. and D.T. Camp, “Comparison of Kinetic and Diffusional Models for Packed Bed Adsorption,” I & C Fundamentals, 6, 156–158 (1967).
Valdman E., L. Erijman, F.L.P. Pessoa, and S.G.F. Leite, “Continuous Biosorption of Cu and Zn by Immobilized Waste Biomass Sargassum sp.,” Process Biochemistry, 36, 869–873 (2001).
Zulfadhly, Z., S. Mashitah, and S. Bhatia, “Heavy Metals Removal in Fixed-bed Column by the Macro Fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus,” Environmental Pollution, 112, 463–470 (2001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pereira, M.R., Arroyo, P.A., de Barros, M.A.S.D. et al. Chromium adsorption in olive stone activated carbon. Adsorption 12, 155–162 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-006-0377-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-006-0377-z