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UV-Filter und Endokrinium

UV filters and the endocrine system

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  • Published:
Gynäkologische Endokrinologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Chronische exzessive Sonnenbestrahlung führt zu Schäden an der Haut und an den Augen, zu Photoageing und zu bestimmten Hautkrebsarten. Ultraviolette (UV) Strahlen bewirken auch eine unerwünschte Immunsuppression in der Haut. Andererseits sind UVB-Strahlen vital für das Überleben, indem sie vor allem die Synthese von Vitamin D in der Haut erlauben. Dennoch wird wegen der Angst vor UV-abhängigen Hautkrebsarten das Gewicht oft allein auf den Sonnenschutz gelegt. Die meisten chemischen UV-Filter sind auch endokrine Disruptoren. Mit der Zunahme von Sonnenschutzmitteln gelangen damit vermehrt endokrine Disruptoren in die Umwelt, wo sie bei Tieren zu Schäden an den Reproduktionsorganen, einer dimorphen sexuellen Entwicklung und einem Rückgang der Fertilität führen können. Inwieweit davon auch bereits der Mensch betroffen ist, bleibt heute noch offen. Für eine ausreichende Vitamin-D-Synthese müssen 19 % der Körperoberfläche dem Sonnenlicht exponiert sein. Ein Vollschutz mit Kleidern oder durch UV-Filter führt zu einem Vitamin-D-Mangel mit den bekannten negativen Folgen für die Gesundheit. Dermatologen, Endokrinologen und Onkologen sollten daher eine gemeinsame Strategie entwickeln, die eine Balance zwischen den zur Senkung der Inzidenz von Hautkrebs nötigen Mengen an Sonnenschutzmitteln und denjenigen Mengen an UV-Filtern gestattet, die noch ein Aufrechterhalten der erforderlichen Vitamin-D-Spiegel ermöglichen.

Abstract

Chronic excessive exposure to sunlight damages skin and eyes, leads to photo ageing and may induce skin cancer. Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) light also leads to undesirable immunosuppression. On the other hand, UVB radiation is vital for survival because it permits the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin. In spite of this, only maximal protection is often considered for fear of UV-dependent types of cancer. Most chemical UV filters are also endocrine disruptors (ED); thus with increasing use of sun filters, increasing amounts of ED are released into the environment where in animals they may lead to damage of reproductive organs, induce dimorphic sexual development and lead to a decreased fertility. If and how far mankind is already affected by UV filters as ED remains open. For sufficient vitamin D synthesis, 19 % of the body surface must be exposed to sunlight. Total protection against UV radiation by clothing or by UV filters leads to a vitamin D deficiency with all its well-known negative consequences for general health. Therefore, dermatologists, endocrinologists and oncologists should develop a common strategy allowing a balance between the doses of UV filters necessary to reduce the incidence of skin cancers and the amount of sunscreen that still permits preservation of vital vitamin D levels.

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    Martin Birkhäuser

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Birkhäuser, M. UV-Filter und Endokrinium. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 14, 165–173 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-016-0086-y

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