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Association between salivary flow rate and depressive symptoms with adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors in Japanese twin study

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Abstract

Objectives

The association between salivary flow rate (SFR) and depressive symptoms have been inconclusive. The present study aimed to investigate the association between SFR and depressive symptoms with and without adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors.

Materials and methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study using twins and measured SFR and depressive symptoms as the outcome and explanatory variables, respectively. We also performed three-step regression analyses by first analysing the association between SFR and depressive symptoms without adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors (individual-level analyses). We then performed between–within analyses using monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, and finally using only MZ twin pairs. These between–within analyses estimated the coefficients adjusted for genetic and family environmental factors. Furthermore, differences in the associations between individual-level and between–within suggest confounding by genetic and family environmental factors.

Results

We conducted 448 twins aged ≥20 years. In individual-level analyses in males and between–within analyses using MZ and same-sex DZ male twin pairs, SFR associated with depressive symptoms. In between–within analyses using only MZ male twin pairs, SFR did not associate with depressive symptoms. In females, SFR did not associate with depressive symptoms in both individual-level and between–within analyses.

Conclusions

The present study revealed that the association between SFR and depressive symptoms was affected by common genetic factors in males.

Clinical relevance

Understanding this association between SFR and depressive symptoms with adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors could lead to an important consideration for the prevention and treatment of hyposalivation.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank all the participants of the study. We would like to acknowledge Kei Matsumaru’s contribution to the English revision. We also would like to thank Yoshinori Iwatani, Jun Hatazawa, Shiro Yorifuji and Mikio Watanabe who are members of Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Promotion Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Haruka Tanaka & Soshiro Ogata

  2. Mie Prefectural College of Nursing, 1-1-1 Yumegaoka, Tsu, Mie, 514-0116, Japan

    Haruka Tanaka, Kayoko Omura & Kazuo Hayakawa

  3. Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan

    Soshiro Ogata

  4. Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Kazunori Ikebe, Yuko Kurushima, Kenichi Matsuda & Kaori Enoki

  5. Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Chika Honda

Authors
  1. Haruka Tanaka
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  2. Soshiro Ogata
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  3. Kazunori Ikebe
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  4. Yuko Kurushima
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  5. Kenichi Matsuda
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  6. Kaori Enoki
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  7. Kayoko Omura
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  8. Chika Honda
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  9. Kazuo Hayakawa
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Consortia

Osaka Twin Research Group

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haruka Tanaka.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

This study was supported by University Grants from Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and MEXT KAKENHI Grant Number 26293151.

Ethical approval

Participants provide written informed consent in the present study. The consent procedure and the present study were approved by the Institutional Review Board for Clinical Research at Osaka University Hospital and Research Ethics Committee of Osaka University.

Informed consent

We obtained informed consent from all participants.

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Tanaka, H., Ogata, S., Ikebe, K. et al. Association between salivary flow rate and depressive symptoms with adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors in Japanese twin study. Clin Oral Invest 21, 1291–1297 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1883-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1883-3

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