Abstract
Objective
This study tested the potential hampering effects of acidic sulfur compounds (ASC) containing hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid, hydroxymethoxybenzene sulfonic acid, and sulfuric acid, prior to self-etch and etch-and-rinse bonding procedures on enamel and dentin. According to the manufacturer, ASC should be applied after cavity preparation and prior to application of a primer in order to reduce the remaining biofilm in the preparation cavity. Despite promoted marketing, data on the investigated liquid are almost completely lacking.
Material and methods
One hundred and fifty-two extracted mandibular bovine incisors were embedded and polished to expose either enamel (E) or dentin (D). Then, specimens were randomly divided and conditioned as follows (n = 12/group): ASC and consecutive phosphoric acid application (E1/D1), ASC (E2/D2; E5/D5), phosphoric acid (E3/D3), and no conditioning (E4/D4; E6/D6). Groups were then treated with either Optibond FL® (etch-and-rinse; 1–4) or Clearfil SE Bond® (self-etch; 5–6). Hollow acrylic cylinders were bonded with a hybrid composite resin (Filtek Supreme XTE®) to the specimens, and the shear bond strength was measured (1 mm/min). In addition, failure types were assessed. Descriptive statistics and statistical analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA followed by the Scheffé post hoc test.
Results
For enamel, the highest shear bond strength values were obtained applying routine bonding procedures (23.5 ± 5.6 MPa for etch-and-rinse and 26.0 ± 6.0 MPa for self-etch, respectively). In contrast, dentin pretreatment with a combination of ASC and phosphoric acid led to the highest shear bond values (22.8 ± 4.1 MPa).
Conclusion
This study shows that ASC prior to dental restoration placement cannot be recommended for etch-and-rinse procedures on enamel but is appropriate for dentin without interfering with routine bonding procedures.
Clinical relevance
The application of acidic sulfur compounds prior to adhesive restoration placement should be restricted to dentin only as it may negatively influence shear bond strength on sound enamel.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
York AK, Arthur JS (1993) Reasons for placement and replacement of dental restorations in the United States Navy Dental Corps. Oper Dent 18(5):203–208
Hamouda IM, Al-Khodary AM, El Shami FM (2010) Degree of conversion and antimicrobial activity of etch-and-rinse versus self-etching adhesives. J Adhes Dent 12(1):33–38
Mejare B, Mejare I, Edwardsson S (1979) Bacteria beneath composite restorations—a culturing and histobacteriological study. Acta Odontol Scand 37(5):267–275
Schmidlin OA, Zehnder M, Schmidlin PR (2003) Effectiveness of dentine bonding agents against cariogenic bacteria in vitro: a comparison of two methods. Oral Microbiol Immunol 18(3):140–143
Lennon AM, Buchalla W, Rassner B, Becker K, Attin T (2006) Efficiency of 4 caries excavation methods compared. Oper Dent 31(5):551–555
Kidd EA, Ricketts DN, Beighton D (1996) Criteria for caries removal at the enamel–dentine junction: a clinical and microbiological study. Br Dent J 180(8):287–291
Hoshino E, Ando N, Sato M, Kota K (1992) Bacterial invasion of non-exposed dental pulp. Int Endod J 25(1):2–5
Reeves R, Stanley HR (1966) The relationship of bacterial penetration and pulpal pathosis in carious teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 22(1):59–65
Martin FE, Nadkarni MA, Jacques NA, Hunter N (2002) Quantitative microbiological study of human carious dentine by culture and real-time PCR: association of anaerobes with histopathological changes in chronic pulpitis. J Clin Microbiol 40(5):1698–1704
Vahdaty A, Pitt Ford TR, Wilson RF (1993) Efficacy of chlorhexidine in disinfecting dentinal tubules in vitro. Endod Dent Traumatol 9(6):243–248
Lottanti S, Gautschi H, Sener B, Zehnder M (2009) Effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic, etidronic and peracetic acid irrigation on human root dentine and the smear layer. Int Endod J 42(4):335–343
Zehnder M (2006) Root canal irrigants. J Endod 32(5):389–398
Osorio R, Ceballos L, Tay F, Cabrerizo-Vilchez MA, Toledano M (2002) Effect of sodium hypochlorite on dentin bonding with a polyalkenoic acid-containing adhesive system. J Biomed Mater Res 60(2):316–324
Pilo R, Cardash HS, Oz-Ari B, Ben-Amar A (2001) Effect of preliminary treatment of the dentin surface on the shear bond strength of resin composite to dentin. Oper Dent 26(6):569–575
Taylor-Hardy TL, Leonard RH Jr, Mauriello SM, Swift EJ Jr (2001) Effect of dental unit waterline biocides on enamel bond strengths. Gen Dent 49(4):421–425
Nakajima M, Sano H, Urabe I, Tagami J, Pashley DH (2000) Bond strengths of single-bottle dentin adhesives to caries-affected dentin. Oper Dent 25(1):2–10
Nakajima M, Ogata M, Harada N, Tagami J, Pashley DH (2000) Bond strengths of self-etching primer adhesives to in vitro-demineralized dentin following mineralizing treatment. J Adhes Dent 2(1):29–38
Pashley DH, Tay FR, Breschi L, Tjaderhane L, Carvalho RM, Carrilho M, Tezvergil-Mutluay A (2011) State of the art etch-and-rinse adhesives. Dent Mater 27(1):1–16
Schmidlin PR, Stawarczyk B, Wieland M, Attin T, Hammerle CH, Fischer J (2010) Effect of different surface pre-treatments and luting materials on shear bond strength to PEEK. Dent Mater 26(6):553–559
Ciba-Geigy (1980) Wissenschaftliche Tabellen Geigy, vol 8. Teilband Statistik, Basel
Silverstone LM, Saxton CA, Dogon IL, Fejerskov O (1975) Variation in the pattern of acid etching of human dental enamel examined by scanning electron microscopy. Caries Res 9(5):373–387
HybenX (2012) http://dentaldesiccants.com/uploads/HybenX_usechart.pdf. Accessed 17 May 2012
Porter SR, Al-Johani K, Fedele S, Moles DR (2009) Randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of HybenX in the symptomatic treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Dis 15(2):155–161
Taschner M, Nato F, Mazzoni A, Frankenberger R, Kramer N, Di Lenarda R, Petschelt A, Breschi L (2010) Role of preliminary etching for one-step self-etch adhesives. Eur J Oral Sci 118(5):517–524
Aguilar-Mendoza JA, Rosales-Leal JI, Rodriguez-Valverde MA, Gonzalez-Lopez S, Cabrerizo-Vilchez MA (2008) Wettability and bonding of self-etching dental adhesives. Influence of the smear layer. Dent Mater 24(7):994–1000
Reis A, Grandi V, Carlotto L, Bortoli G, Patzlaff R, Rodrigues Accorinte Mde L, Dourado Loguercio A (2005) Effect of smear layer thickness and acidity of self-etching solutions on early and long-term bond strength to dentin. J Dent 33(7):549–559
Arrais CA, Giannini M, Nakajima M, Tagami J (2004) Effects of additional and extended acid etching on bonding to caries-affected dentine. Eur J Oral Sci 112(5):458–464
Yoshiyama M, Carvalho R, Sano H, Horner J, Brewer PD, Pashley DH (1995) Interfacial morphology and strength of bonds made to superficial versus deep dentin. Am J Dent 8(6):297–302
Perdigao J, May KN Jr, Wilder AD Jr, Lopes M (2000) The effect of depth of dentin demineralization on bond strengths and morphology of the hybrid layer. Oper Dent 25(3):186–194
Erhardt MC, Cavalcante LM, Pimenta LA (2004) Influence of phosphoric acid pretreatment on self-etching bond strengths. J Esthet Restor Dent 16(1):33–40, discussion 41
Ikeda M, Kurokawa H, Sunada N, Tamura Y, Takimoto M, Murayama R, Ando S, Miyazaki M (2009) Influence of previous acid etching on dentin bond strength of self-etch adhesives. J Oral Sci 51(4):527–534
Scherrer SS, Cesar PF, Swain MV (2010) Direct comparison of the bond strength results of the different test methods: a critical literature review. Dent Mater 26(2):e78–93
Salz U, Bock T (2010) Testing adhesion of direct restoratives to dental hard tissue—a review. J Adhes Dent 12(5):343–371
Schilke R, Lisson JA, Bauss O, Geurtsen W (2000) Comparison of the number and diameter of dentinal tubules in human and bovine dentine by scanning electron microscopic investigation. Arch Oral Biol 45(5):355–361
Nakamichi I, Iwaku M, Fusayama T (1983) Bovine teeth as possible substitutes in the adhesion test. J Dent Res 62(10):1076–1081
Schmidlin PR, Siebenmann J, Kocher P, Seemann R, Attin T, Bindl A (2008) Effects of de- and remineralization of dentin on bond strengths yielded by 1-, 3-, and 4-step adhesives. J Adhes Dent 10(2):119–126
Hahn P, Hellwig E (2004) An in vitro investigation of penetration depth of dentine bonding agents into carious dentine. J Oral Rehabil 31(11):1053–1060
Imazato S, Walls AW, Kuramoto A, Ebisu S (2002) Penetration of an antibacterial dentine-bonding system into demineralized human root dentine in vitro. Eur J Oral Sci 110(2):168–174
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Albert Trottmann and Felix Schmutz for their support. We are grateful to EPIEN Medical for their support with the materials.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ioannidis, A., Stawarczyk, B., Sener, B. et al. Influence of dentin and enamel pretreatment with acidic sulfur compounds on adhesive performance. Clin Oral Invest 17, 1885–1892 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0877-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0877-z