Skip to main content
Log in

Prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure and subacute renal failure treated with hemodialysis

Prognose von Patienten mit Kardiomyopathie und subakutem Nierenversagen bei Behandlung mit Hämodialyse

  • Original article
  • Published:
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

HINTERGRUND: Eine Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion geht mit einer verschlechterten Prognose bei Patienten mit Kardiomyopathie (CMP) einher; sogar geringe Anstiege des Serum-Kreatinins sind mit einer erhöhten Mortalität assoziiert. Dennoch gibt es kaum Daten zu prognostischen Faktoren bzw. zur Prognose von Patienten mit CMP, welche durch ein (sub-)akutes Nierenversagen dialysepflichtig werden. DESIGN: Anhand einer retrospektiven Kohortenstudie wurden prognostische Faktoren bei nicht-kritisch kranken Patienten mit CMP, welche ein (sub-)akutes dialysepflichtiges Nierenversagen entwickelten, evaluiert. METHODIK: 46 Patienten (95% ischämische CMP) mit CMP (NYHA III-IV) mit dialysepflichtigem Nierenversagen (akut und akut auf chronisches Nierenversagen) wurden analysiert. Demographische Faktoren sowie Patientencharakteristika, kardiale Funktionsparameter und Nierenwerte wurden erhoben. RESULTATE: CMP Patienten welche ein dialysepflichtiges Nierenversagen entwickelten wiesen eine sehr schlechte Prognose auf mit einem medianen Überleben von 95 Tagen (mittlere Überlebenszeit 444 Tage). Keiner der bekannten Faktoren, außer dem Patientenalter, welche mit einem schlechten Überleben bei CMP Patienten assoziiert sind wie Links- bzw. Rechtsventrikelfunktion, ein hohes NT-pro-BNP, CRP, niedriges Albumin und body mass index erwiesen sich prognostisch. Einzig das Wiedererlangen der Nierenfunktion sowie ein niedriges Hämoglobin waren mit einem verbesserten Überleben assoziiert. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Nicht kritisch kranke Patienten mit CMP, welche ein dialysepflichtiges Nierenversagen entwickeln haben eine schlechte Prognose. Der Verlust der Nierenfunktion per se hatte einen so starken Einfluss, dass konventionelle Prognosefaktoren wie eine schlechte Ventrikelfunktion oder Inflammation in den Hintergrund rückten. Das Wiedererlangen der Nierenfunktion und überraschenderweise ein niedriges Hämoglobin waren mit einem guten Outcome assoziiert. Alternative Therapiestrategien sollten entwickelt werden um der äußerst schlechten Prognose von CMP Patienten mit dialysepflichtigem Nierenversagen entgegenzuwirken.

Summary

BACKGROUND: Renal dysfunction confers a grave prognosis for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF); even small increases in plasma creatinine are associated with excess mortality. Little, however, is known about prognostic indices and outcome in patients with CHF who (sub-)acutely progress to dialysis dependency. DESIGN AND SETTING: We evaluated prognostic indices in a retrospective cohort analysis of non-critically ill patients with CHF who (sub-)acutely progressed to dialysis-dependent renal failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 46 patients (95% ischemic cardiomyopathy) with CHF (NYHA III–IV) with dialysis-dependent renal failure (acute and acute-to-chronic renal failure) were analyzed. Demographic factors and patient characteristics, of cardiac function parameters and renal parameters were recorded longitudinally. MAIN RESULTS: CHF patients progressing to dialysis- dependent renal failure had a grave prognosis: median survival time was 95 days, mean survival 444 days. None of the known factors except age was associated with a worse outcome in CHF patients. LV/RV dysfunction, high plasma NT-pro-BNP, C-reactive protein, low albumin and body-mass index did not turn out to be prognostic indicators. The only factors indicating improved survival were recovery of renal function and low hemoglobin. CONCLUSION: Non-critically ill CHF patients with (sub-)acute renal dysfunction progressing to dialysis dependency have a grave prognosis. Renal failure itself had such a strong prognostic impact that conventional factors such as poor myocardial function or inflammation were concealed. Recovery of renal function and, surprisingly, anemia were beneficial factors. Alternative treatment strategies must be designed to improve the devastating prognosis for this special subset of patients with CHF.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Hillege HL, Nitsch D, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, et al (2006) Renal function as a predictor of outcome in a broad spectrum of patients with heart failure. Circulation 113: 671–678

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koreny M, Karth GD, Geppert A, Neunteufl T, Priglinger U, Heinz G, et al (2002) Prognosis of patients who develop acute renal failure during the first 24 hours of cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction. Am J Med 112: 115–119

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damman K, Navis G, Voors AA, Asselbergs FW, Smilde TD, Cleland JG, et al (2007) Worsening renal function and prognosis in heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Card Fail 13: 599–608

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butler J, Forman DE, Abraham WT, Gottlieb SS, Loh E, Massie BM, et al (2004) Relationship between heart failure treatment and development of worsening renal function among hospitalized patients. Am Heart J 147: 331–338

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forman DE, Butler J, Wang Y, Abraham WT, O'Connor CM, Gottlieb SS, et al (2004) Incidence, predictors at admission, and impact of worsening renal function among patients hospitalized with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 43: 61–67

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chittineni H, Miyawaki N, Gulipelli S, Fishbane S (2007) Risk for acute renal failure in patients hospitalized for decompensated congestive heart failure. Am J Nephrol 27: 55–62

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lainscak M, von Haehling S, Springer J, Anker SD (2007) Biomarkers for chronic heart failure. Heart Fail Monit 5: 77–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akashi YJ, Springer J, Anker SD (2005) Cachexia in chronic heart failure: prognostic implications and novel therapeutic approaches. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2: 198–203

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Go AS, Yang J, Ackerson LM, Lepper K, Robbins S, Massie BM, et al (2006) Hemoglobin level, chronic kidney disease, and the risks of death and hospitalization in adults with chronic heart failure: The Anemia in Chronic Heart Failure: Outcomes and Resource Utilization (ANCHOR) Study. Circulation 113: 2713–2723

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang YD, Katz SD (2006) Anemia in chronic heart failure: prevalence, etiology, clinical correlates, and treatment options. Circulation 113: 2454–2461

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valeur N, Nielsen OW, McMurray JJ, Torp-Pedersen C, Kober L (2006) Anaemia is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction following acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail 8: 577–584

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen JW, Felker GM (2006) Inflammatory biomarkers in heart failure. Congest Heart Fail 12: 324–328

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yndestad A, Damas JK, Oie E, Ueland T, Gullestad L, Aukrust P (2007) Role of inflammation in the progression of heart failure. Curr Cardiol Rep 9: 236–241

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carson JL, Terrin ML, Magaziner J, Chaitman BR, Apple FS, Heck DA, et al (2006) Transfusion trigger trial for functional outcomes in cardiovascular patients undergoing surgical hip fracture repair (FOCUS). Transfusion 46: 2192–2206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freudenberger RS, Carson JL (2003) Is there an optimal hemoglobin value in the cardiac intensive care unit? Curr Opin Crit Care 9: 356–361

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, Marshall J, Martin C, Pagliarello G, et al (1999) A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med 340: 409–417

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hebert PC, Yetisir E, Martin C, Blajchman MA, Wells G, Marshall J, et al (2001) Is a low transfusion threshold safe in critically ill patients with cardiovascular diseases? Crit Care Med 29: 227–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polu KR, Wolf M (2006) Clinical problem-solving. Needle in a haystack. N Engl J Med 354: 68–73

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel KP, Zhang K, Carmines PK (2000) Norepinephrine turnover in peripheral tissues of rats with heart failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278: R556–562

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Motte S, van Beneden R, Mottet J, Rondelet B, Mathieu M, Havaux X, et al (2003) Early activation of cardiac and renal endothelin systems in experimental heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 285: H2482–2491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb M, Abassi Z, Rosen S, Shina A, Brezis M, Heyman SN (2001) Compensated heart failure predisposes to outer medullary tubular injury: studies in rats. Kidney Int 60: 607–613

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nangaku M (2006) Chronic hypoxia and tubulointerstitial injury: a final common pathway to end-stage renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 17: 17–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyle A, Maurer MS, Sobotka PA (2007) Myocellular and interstitial edema and circulating volume expansion as a cause of morbidity and mortality in heart failure. J Card Fail 13: 133–136

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnan A, Oreopoulos DG (2007) Peritoneal dialysis in congestive heart failure. Adv Perit Dial 23: 82–89

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khalifeh N, Vychytil A, Horl WH (2006) The role of peritoneal dialysis in the management of treatment-resistant congestive heart failure: A European perspective. Kidney Int Suppl: S72–75

  • Stack AG, Molony DA, Rahman NS, Dosekun A, Murthy B (2003) Impact of dialysis modality on survival of new ESRD patients with congestive heart failure in the United States. Kidney Int 64: 1071–1079

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marenzi G, Agostoni P (2004) Hemofiltration in heart failure. Int J Artif Organs 27: 1070–1076

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uchino S, Bellomo R, Kellum JA, Morimatsu H, Morgera S, Schetz MR, et al (2007) Patient and kidney survival by dialysis modality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Int J Artif Organs 30: 281–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell M, Granath F, Schon S, Ekbom A, Martling CR (2007) Continuous renal replacement therapy is associated with less chronic renal failure than intermittent haemodialysis after acute renal failure. Intensive Care Med 33: 773–780

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Domanski M, Tian X, Haigney M, Pitt B (2006) Diuretic use, progressive heart failure, and death in patients in the DIG study. J Card Fail 12: 327–332

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eshaghian S, Horwich TB, Fonarow GC (2006) Relation of loop diuretic dose to mortality in advanced heart failure. Am J Cardiol 97: 1759–1764

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCurley JM, Hanlon SU, Wei SK, Wedam EF, Michalski M, Haigney MC (2004) Furosemide and the progression of left ventricular dysfunction in experimental heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 1301–1307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gregor Lindner.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lindner, G., Doberer, E., Vychytil, A. et al. Prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure and subacute renal failure treated with hemodialysis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 121, 391–397 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-009-1158-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-009-1158-y

Keywords

Navigation