Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nonlinear optical characteristics of self-assembled films of ZnO

  • Published:
Applied Physics B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present work, we have investigated the nonlinear optical properties of self-assembled films formed from ZnO colloidal spheres by z-scan technique. The sign of the nonlinear component of refractive index of the material remains the same; however, a switching from reverse saturable absorption to saturable absorption has been observed as the material changes from colloid to self-assembled film. These different nonlinear characteristics can be mainly attributed to ZnO defect states and electronic effects when the colloidal solution is transformed into self-assembled monolayers. We investigated the intensity, wavelength and size dependence of saturable and reverse saturable absorption of ZnO self-assembled films and colloids. Values of the imaginary part of third-order susceptibility are calculated for particles of size in the range 20–300 nm at different intensity levels ranging from 40 to 325 MW/cm2 within the wavelength range of 450–650 nm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. O. Painter, R.K. Lee, A. Scherer, A. Yariv, J.D. O’Brien, P.D. Dapkus, I. Kim, Science 284, 1819 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. H.B. Sun, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 786 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. E.W. Seelig, B. Tang, A. Yamilov, H. Cao, R.P.H. Chang, Mater. Chem. Phys. 9712, 1 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  4. S.H. Park, Y.N. Xia, Langmuir 15, 266 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. S.G. Romanov, T. Maka, C.M.S. Torres, M. Muller, R. Zentel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 731 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. K.P. Velikov, A. van Blaaderen, Langmuir 17, 4779 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. H. Cao, J.Y. Xu, D.Z. Zhang, S.H. Chang, S.T. Ho, E.W. Seelig, X. Liu, R.P.H. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5584 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. N. Fujimura, T. Nishihara, S. Goto, J. Xu, T. Ito, J. Cryst. Growth 130, 269 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. L. Vayssieres, K. Keis, S.-E. Lindquist, A. Hagfeldt, J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 3350 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. R.L. Sutherland, Handbook of Nonlinear Optics (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996), Chapt. 9

  11. Y.X. Fan, J.L. He, Y.G. Wang, S. Liu, H.T. Wang, X.Y. Ma, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 101103 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. M.S. Bahae, A.A. Said, T.H. Wei, D.J. Hagan, E.W. Van Stryland, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-26, 760 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. B. Gu, J. Wang, J. Chen, Y.X. Fan, J.P. Ding, H.T. Wang, Opt. Express 13, 9230 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. J. He, W. Ji, G.H. Ma, S.H. Tang, H.I. Elim, W.X. Sun, Z.H. Zhang, W.S. Chin, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 6381 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. M.S. Bahae, A.A. Said, E.W. van Stryland, Opt. Lett. 14, 955 (1989)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. D.L. Moreno, E.D. Rosa-Cruz, F.J. Cuevas, L.E. Regalado, P. Salas, R. Rodriguez, V.M. Castano, Opt. Mater. 19, 275 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Sapra, D.D. Sarma, Phys. Rev. B 69, 125304 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. L. Guo, S. Yang, C. Yang, P. Yu, J. Wang, W. Ge, G.K.L. Wong, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2901 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. J.G.E. Gardeniers, Z.M. Rittersm, G.J. Burger, J. Appl. Phys. 83, 7844 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. A. Kuroyanagi, Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 28, 219 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. R. Rojo, S. Yamada, H. Matsuda, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 2937 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. L.E. Brus, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 4403 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. H.L. Cao, X.F. Qian, Q. Gong, W.M. Du, X.D. Ma, Z.K. Zhu, Nanotechnology 17, 3632 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. E. Hanamura, Phys. Rev. B 37, 1273 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Nakamura, H. Yamada, T. Tokizaki, Phys. Rev. B 40, 8585 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Y.B. Band, D.J. Harter, R. Bavli, Chem. Phys. Lett. 126, 280 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. J.-H. Lin, Y.-J. Chen, H.-Y. Lin, W.-F. Hsieh, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 033526 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. F.Z. Henari, J. Callaghan, W.J. Blau, P. Haisch, M. Hanack, Pure Appl. Opt. 6, 741 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. T.H. Wei, D.J. Hagan, M.J. Sence, E.W. Stryland, J.W. Perry, D.R. Coulter, Appl. Phys. B 54, 46 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. M.J. Weber (Ed.), CRC Handbook of Laser Science and Technology: Optical Materials (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1997)

  31. G. Wang, G.T. Kiehne, G.K.L. Wong, J.B. Ketterson, X. Liu, R.P.H. Chang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 401 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. X.J. Zhang, W. Ji, S.H. Tang, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1951 (1997)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. P.J. Gonalves, I.E. Borissevitch, L. de Boni, N.M. Barbosa Neto, J.J. Rodrigues Jr., S.C. Zlio, XXVI Encontro Nacional de Física da Matétia Condensada, 2003 Caxambu. XXVI ENFMC-Annals of Optics, Vol. V5 (2003)

  34. H.P. Li, B. Liu, C.H. Kam, Y.L. Lam, W.X. Que, L.M. Gan, C.H. Chew, G.Q. Xu, Opt. Mater. 14, 321 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. S. Shi, W. Ji, S.H. Tang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 3615 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. A. Maeda, M. Ono, H. Kishida, T. Manako, A. Sawa, M. Kawasaki, Y. Tokura, H. Okamoto, Phys. Rev. B 70, 125117 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. M.Y. Han, W. Huang, C.H. Chew, L.M. Gan, X.J. Zhang, W. Ji, J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 1884 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. W. Zhang, H. Wang, K.S. Wong, Z.K. Tang, G.K.L. Wong, J. Ravinder, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 3321 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. R. Adair, L.L. Chase, S.A. Payne, Phys. Rev. B 39, 3337 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International School of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682022, Kerala, India

    Litty Irimpan, V.P.N. Nampoori & P. Radhakrishnan

  2. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, India

    A. Deepthy

  3. Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology, Thrissur, India

    Bindu Krishnan

Authors
  1. Litty Irimpan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Deepthy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bindu Krishnan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. V.P.N. Nampoori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. P. Radhakrishnan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Litty Irimpan.

Additional information

PACS

81.16.Dn; 42.65.-k; 42.65.An; 42.70.-a; 42.70.Nq; 78.20.Ci

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Irimpan, L., Deepthy, A., Krishnan, B. et al. Nonlinear optical characteristics of self-assembled films of ZnO. Appl. Phys. B 90, 547–556 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2886-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2886-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation