Abstract
Purpose
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate in the development for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive cancers. Thrombocytopenia (TCP) is the dose-limiting toxicity of T-DM1. A semimechanistic population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model was developed to characterize the effect of T-DM1 on patient platelet counts.
Methods
A PK/PD model with transit compartments that mimic platelet development and circulation was fit to concentration-platelet–time course data from two T-DM1 single-agent studies (TDM3569g; N = 52 and TDM4258g; N = 112). NONMEM® 7 software was used for model development. Data from a separate phase II study (TDM4374g; N = 110) were used for model evaluation. Patient baseline characteristics were evaluated as covariates of model PD parameters.
Results
The model described the platelet data well and predicted the incidence of grade ≥3 TCP. The model predicted that with T-DM1 3.6 mg/kg given every 3 weeks (q3w), the lowest platelet nadir would occur after the first dose. Also predicted was a patient subgroup (46 %) having variable degrees of downward drifting platelet–time profiles, which were predicted to stabilize by the eighth treatment cycle to platelet counts above grade 3 TCP. Baseline characteristics were not significant covariates of PD parameters in the model.
Conclusions
This semimechanistic PK/PD model accurately captures the cycle 1 platelet nadir, the downward drift noted in some patient platelet–time profiles, and the ~8 % incidence of grade ≥3 TCP with T-DM1 3.6 mg/kg q3w. This model supports T-DM1 3.6 mg/kg q3w as a well-tolerated dose with minimal dose delays or reductions for TCP.
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Acknowledgments
The study was funded by Genentech, Inc. Support for third-party writing assistance was provided by Genentech, Inc.
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Bender, B.C., Schaedeli-Stark, F., Koch, R. et al. A population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of thrombocytopenia characterizing the effect of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) on platelet counts in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 70, 591–601 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-012-1934-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-012-1934-7