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Influence of Salinity on the In Vitro Development of Glomus intraradices and on the In Vivo Physiological and Molecular Responses of Mycorrhizal Lettuce Plants

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Abstract

Increased salinization of arable land is expected to have devastating global effects in the coming years. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to improve plant tolerance to abiotic environmental factors such as salinity, but they can be themselves negatively affected by salinity. In this study, the first in vitro experiment analyzed the effects of 0, 50, or 100 mM NaCl on the development and sporulation of Glomus intraradices. In the second experiment, the effects of mycorrhization on the expression of key plant genes expected to be affected by salinity was evaluated. Results showed that the assayed isolate G. intraradices DAOM 197198 can be regarded as a moderately salt-tolerant AMF because it did not significantly decrease hyphal development or formation of branching absorbing structures at 50 mM NaCl. Results also showed that plants colonized by G. intraradices grew more than nonmycorrhizal plants. This effect was concomitant with a higher relative water content in AM plants, lower proline content, and expression of Lsp5cs gene (mainly at 50 mM NaCl), lower expression of the stress marker gene Lslea gene, and lower content of abscisic acid in roots of mycorrhizal plants as compared to nonmycorrhizal plants, which suggest that the AM fungus decreased salt stress injury. In addition, under salinity, AM symbiosis enhanced the expression of LsPIP1. Such enhanced gene expression could contribute to regulating root water permeability to better tolerate the osmotic stress generated by salinity.

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Acknowledgments

This work and R. Porcel were financed by Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Project AGL2005-01237). Dr. F. Jahromi was supported by the Special Studies Leave Program of Charles Sturt University, Australia. We thank Dr. A. Bago and C. Cano (Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain) for providing us with the monoxenic inoculum of G. intraradices and for their assistance with the in vitro culture of the fungus.

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  1. Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Prof. Albareda, 1. 18008, Granada, Spain

    Farzad Jahromi, Ricardo Aroca, Rosa Porcel & Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano

  2. E. H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, PO Box 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678, Australia

    Farzad Jahromi

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  1. Farzad Jahromi
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Correspondence to Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano.

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Jahromi, F., Aroca, R., Porcel, R. et al. Influence of Salinity on the In Vitro Development of Glomus intraradices and on the In Vivo Physiological and Molecular Responses of Mycorrhizal Lettuce Plants. Microb Ecol 55, 45–53 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-007-9249-7

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