Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Persistence and Metabolism of Fipronil in Rice (Oryza sativa Linnaeus) Field

  • Published:
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rice is one of the most important food crops worldwide. However, it is also a valuable tool in assessing toxicity of organic and inorganic compounds. Fipronil insecticide has been widely used to control rice pests. The research was conducted to evaluate the fate of fipronil in rice-field. Persistence and metabolism of fipronil in rice is studied by applications of Regent 0.3G @ 45 and 180 g a.i. ha−1 was made 7 days after transplanting of paddy. Samples of paddy plants were collected at 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days after the application of insecticide. The samples of rice grains, bran, husk and straw were collected at the time of harvest. The samples were extracted and cleaned up by following a standardized methodology. Fipronil and its metabolites were quantified by gas liquid chromatography and confirmed by gas chromatography mass spectrometer. The total residues of fipronil and its metabolites in paddy plants after 7 days of its application at recommend and four times of recommend doses were found to be 6.60 and 19.85 mg kg−1, respectively. Among fipronil metabolites, sulfone derivative had maximum residue concentration followed by other metabolites viz. sulfide, amide and desulfinyl. The residues were reached below the detectable limit (0.01 mg kg−1) after 45 and 90 days at recommend and four time of recommend doses, respectively. At harvest, the samples of paddy straw, rice grains, bran and husk did not reveal the presence of fipronil and its metabolites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aajoud A, Ravanel P, Tissut M (2003) Fipronil metabolism and dissipation in a simplified aquatic ecosystem. J Agric Fd Chem 51:1347–1352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2009a) www.indiastat.com

  • Anonymous (2009b) Package of practices for Kharif crops. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, pp 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Chanton PF, Ravanel P, Tissut M, Meyran JC (2001) Toxicity and bioaccumulation of fipronil in the nontarget arthropodan fauna associated with subalpine mosquito breeding. Ecotoxi Envir Saf 52:8–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connelly P (2001) Environmental fate of fipronil. Environment monitoring branch, Department of pesticide regulation, California environmental protection agency, www.pw.ucr.edu/textfiles/fipronil.pdf

  • Hainzal D, Casida JE (1996) Fipronil insecticide: novel photochemical desulfinylation with retention of neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93:12764–12767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huggan RD (1995) Co-evolution of rice and humans. Geo J 35(3):262–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Lal OP (1996) Recent advances in entomology. In: Lal OP (ed) Recent advances in indian entomology, APC Publications Private Limited, New Delhi, p 392

  • Mahal MS, Sarao PS, Singla ML (2008) Bioefficacy of fipronil 80 per cent WG for the control of stem borer and leaf folder in basmati rice. Indian J Plant Protec 36:260–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Mani A, Prasad NN (1985) Persistence pattern of disyston in soil and rice plants. Indian J Plant Protec 13:5–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohapatra S, Deepa M, Jagdish GK, Rashmi N, Kumar S, Prakash GS (2010) Fate of fipronil and its metabolites in/on grape, leaves, berries and soil under semi arid tropical climate conditions. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 84:587–591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pei Z, Yitong L, Baofeng L, Gan JJ (2004) Dynamics of fipronil residues in vegetable field ecosystem. Chemosphere 57:1691–1696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rai M (2004) International year of rice-an overview. Indian Farm 58:3–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajukkannu K, Balasubramanian M, Lakshmanan PL (1983) Degradation and persistence of certain organophosphorus insecticide residues in rice. Indian J Plant Protec 11:96–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Sekh K, Nair N, Chakraborty S, Somchoudhoudhury AK (2007) Efficacy of fipronil 80 per cent against stem borer and leaf folder. Pestology 32:39–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Skidmore MW, Ambrus A (2004) Pesticide metabolism in crops and livestock. In: Hamilton D, Crossley S (eds) Pesticide residues in food and drinking water: human exposure and risks. Wiley, London, pp 63–120

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Head, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana for providing necessary facilities.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, Punjab, India

    Rajinder Kumar & Balwinder Singh

Authors
  1. Rajinder Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Balwinder Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rajinder Kumar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kumar, R., Singh, B. Persistence and Metabolism of Fipronil in Rice (Oryza sativa Linnaeus) Field. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 90, 482–488 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0926-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0926-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation