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Molekulare Therapie in der Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie

Molecular therapy in gastroenterology and hepatology

  • Schwerpunkt: Molekulare Ziele der Therapie
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Zusammenfassung

Mittels molekularer Techniken gewonnene Erkenntnisse haben in den letzten Jahren erheblichen Einfluss auf die Behandlung gastrointestinaler und hepatologischer Erkrankungen gewonnen. Die Diagnose bestimmter Erkrankungen wird nicht mehr allein phänotypisch, sondern aufgrund des Genotyps gestellt. Dies betrifft sowohl monogene Erkrankungen als auch die Identifikation von genetischen Risikokonstellationen (z. B. NOD2/CARD15-Mutation bei M. Crohn). Auch für die Therapieplanung bei viralen Erkrankungen wird eine erweiterte molekulare Diagnostik eingesetzt. Die Versuche, die Lebertransplantation in der Behandlung hereditärer Lebererkrankungen durch gezielte genetische Eingriffe (z. B. mittels viraler Vektoren) zu ersetzen, sind noch in der experimentellen Phase, aber die verwendeten Methoden haben bereits wegweisende Verbesserungen erfahren. Mit der molekularen Identifikation neuer Zielstrukturen war die Entwicklung maßgeschneiderter Therapien möglich. Diese finden insbesondere in der Behandlung chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen und gastrointestinaler Tumorerkrankungen Anwendung.

Abstract

During recent years, molecular techniques have significantly impacted our understanding and therapeutic concepts in gastrointestinal and liver disease. In a number of diseases, diagnostic work-up includes molecular data that supplements the phenotypical evaluation. This includes monogenic diseases as well as the identification of genetic risk factors (e. g. NOD2/CARD15 mutation in Crohn’s disease) and viral disease. Attempts to replace liver transplantation in hereditary liver disease by targeted molecular interventions (e. g. via viral vectors) are still experimental, but the associated techniques have improved considerably. The molecular identification of therapeutic targets was followed by the development of specifically tailored therapeutics. These agents are mainly used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal tumors.

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  1. Abteilung Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover

    J. Wedemeyer, N. P. Malek, M. P. Manns &  M. J. Bahr

  2. Abteilung Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30623, Hannover

    M. J. Bahr

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Wedemeyer, J., Malek, N.P., Manns, M.P. et al. Molekulare Therapie in der Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie. Internist 46, 861–872 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-005-1462-1

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