Zusammenfassung
Obwohl seit Jahrzehnten wirksame Einzel- oder Kombinationsimpfstoffe gegen Masern in Deutschland zur Verfügung stehen, kommt es immer wieder zu größeren Masernausbrüchen, in deren Folge Menschen schwer erkranken oder sterben. Einer der Gründe für die unzureichende Akzeptanz der Masernimpfung in der Bevölkerung ist möglicherweise die Angst vor unerwünschten Wirkungen und schweren Impfkomplikationen. Daher wurden alle Verdachtsfallberichte über unerwünschte Wirkungen nach Impfung mit masernhaltigen Impfstoffen, die aus Deutschland in den Jahren 2001 bis 2012 gemeldet wurden, zusammengefasst und bewertet. Dem PEI sind im Zeitraum vom 01.01.2001 bis zum 31.12.2012 insgesamt 1696 Verdachtsfälle von Nebenwirkungen mit 5297 Reaktionen nach Masernmono- und Kombinationsimpfstoffen berichtet worden. 76,7 % der Meldungen wurden als schwerwiegend klassifiziert. Die mittlere Melderate betrug ca. 5,7 Fallmeldungen auf 100.000 vom PEI für Deutschland freigegebenen Impfdosen. Die Auswertung der Meldungen weist auf die gute Verträglichkeit masernhaltiger Einzel- und Kombinationsimpfstoffe hin und zeigt eine konstant niedrige Rate von gemeldeten Komplikationen in Bezug auf die Anzahl der durchgeführten Impfungen. Vergleicht man die schweren und relativ häufigen Komplikationen der Maserninfektion mit den gemeldeten Verdachtsfallberichten, so ergibt sich eine uneingeschränkt positive Nutzen-Risiko-Bewertung der Masernimpfstoffe.
Abstract
Although effective monovalent and combined measles vaccines have been available for several decades in Germany, measles outbreaks continue to occur leading to severe cases of measles and even death. Possible reasons for the low acceptance of the measles vaccination are concerns about adverse events and serious complications following vaccination. In this report, we have summarized and assessed all adverse events reported in Germany from 2001 to 2012 after vaccination with monovalent- and combined measles-containing vaccines. A total of 1,696 suspected adverse reaction reports describing 5,297 adverse events were sent to the Paul Ehrlich Institute (PEI) between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2012. The calculated mean reporting rate was 5.7 reports per 100,000 vaccine doses released by the PEI. Analysis of the reports indicates that measles-containing vaccines are well tolerated with a constantly low rate of adverse events reported. Compared to the high rate of serious complications following wild-type measles infection, the benefit of measles-containing vaccines clearly outweighs the anticipated risks of adverse events.
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D. Mentzer, H. Meyer und B. Keller-Stanislawski geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
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Mentzer, D., Meyer, H. & Keller-Stanislawski, B. Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit von monovalenten Masern- und kombinierten Masern-, Mumps-, Röteln- und Varizellenimpfstoffen. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 56, 1253–1259 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-013-1792-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-013-1792-4